272 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
272 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
% Two decades of Open Source
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% Julian Ospald
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% Sep 20, 2024
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# Introduction
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## About me
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* From Germany
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* Studied CS
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* Haskell developer
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* I love open source
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## Professional career
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* Software Engineer in R&D (automotive industry)
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* Go Backend Developer (online advertisement platform
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* Haskell Developer at **Capital Match** (invoice financing platform in Singapore)
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* Haskell Developer at **IOHK** (Cardano Blockchain)
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* Haskell Freelancer (blockchain and others)
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* Haskell Developer at **Standard Chartered Bank**
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* Haskell Freelancer (chimney sweeper app for german businesses)
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## Open Source career
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* Gentoo Linux developer (core team), 2012-2016
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- Ebuild development (packaging)
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- Code review
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- Development of a [git workflow](https://www.gentoo.org/glep/glep-0066.html)
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* Author of GHCup (the Haskell installer), ca. 2019
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* Maintainer of Haskell core libraries: filepath, unix, os-string, file-io
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* Implementation of the [Abstract FilePath Proposal](https://hasufell.github.io/posts/2022-06-29-fixing-haskell-filepaths.html)
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* Member of the Haskell Core Libraries Comittee 2023-2026
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* Haskell Influencer (Haskell Foundation, ...)
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# Open Source
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## What is Open Source
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* ![](osi.png){#id .class height=32px} A group of licenses (see OSI)
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* *Not* free software
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* *Not* copyleft
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* 🧑🤝🧑 A community
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* volunteers
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* companies
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* 🔮 A philosophy
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* sharing
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* collaboration
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* transparency
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## Popular Open Source projects
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* ![](512px-Tux.svg.png){#id .class height=32px} Linux kernel
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* 1500 developers from 200-250 companies
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* ![](firefox.png){#id .class height=32px} Firefox
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* ![](vscode.png){#id .class height=32px} VSCode
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* ![](blender.png){#id .class height=32px} Blender
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* ![](haskell_logo.png){#id .class height=32px} GHC (The Haskell compiler)
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## Value proposition of Open Source
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* ⚗️ the scientific method
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* share your results
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* allow people to replicate it
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* 🔓 access to a community
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* users
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* collaborators
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* 🕸️ network effects
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## Reality of Open Source
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* most projects...
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* are one-man shows
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* have no users
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* are underdocumened
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* have horrible code
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* writing new code is easy, maintenance is hard
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* most maintainers
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* don't get paid
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* will stop maintenance at some point
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* don't care much about their users
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# Gentoo and package management
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## What is Gentoo
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* a Linux distribution
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* rolling release
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* source based
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* 19000 packages (program, library, ...)
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* 200 core developers (at its peak)
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* over 1000 contributors
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## How does a Linux distro work (relationships)
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![](packager_relationships.svg){#id .class height=500px}
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## How does a Linux distro work (activities)
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![](install.svg){#id .class height=500px}
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## A typical ebuild
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```bash
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EAPI=8
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DESCRIPTION="A dummy package"
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HOMEPAGE="https://dummy.org"
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SRC_URI="https://github.com/dummy/dummy/archive/refs/tags/${PV}.tar.gz -> ${P}.tar.gz"
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LICENSE="BSD-3"
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SLOT="0"
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KEYWORDS="~amd64 ~x86 "
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IUSE="debug"
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RDEPEND="dev-util/boost"
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PATCHES=( "${FILESDIR}"/${PN}-4.9.2-disable_python_rpath.patch)
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src_configure() {
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econf $(use_enable debug)
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}
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src_compile() {
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emake
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}
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src_test() {
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emake test
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}
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src_install() {
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emake DESTDIR="${D}" install
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}
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```
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## Packaging challenges
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* no standard on build systems (make, autotools, meson, cmake, ...)
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* => an abstraction over build systems
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* thousands of different execution environments (fragility)
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- system configuration
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- package configuration
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- platform, architecture
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* reverse dependencies
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- shipping a "chain" instead of a single artifact
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* high impact on small mistakes (e.g. assuming a specific shell)
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## Packaging challenges (pt 2.)
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* communication between teams/maintainers
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* execution of large changes
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- e.g. introduction of LibreSSL
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- e.g. changing of fundamental workflows (from CVS to git)
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* monitoring upstream changes and making decisions about compatibility/stability
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- when to update
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## What is a Distro really?
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* a user experience
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- LTS distros vs rolling release
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- binary vs source based
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- choice of init system
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* plug and play (everything works)
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* deviating from the happy path (fixing issues)
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* combining components to a coherent system (init system, coreutils, kernel, ...)
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* a choice of **defaults**
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## Why Gentoo made me a better programmer
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* primary packaging skill: being meticulous
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* small mistakes -> big impact
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* long term maintenance of small code pieces
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* intense review culture
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* strict policies and workflow guidelines
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* how to learn complex system
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# GHCup
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## Demo
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![](ghcup.png){#id .class height=500px}
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## State of 2019 (Haskell Installers)
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* stack is the only "Haskell Installer"
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* no unified alternative for cabal users
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* distro packages, nix, manual installs, ...
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* 😭
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## How it started
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* 🤹 small team at work (Capital Match), using different platforms
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- originally used stack
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- distro packages constantly out of date
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* 🦾 first version was 165 LOC
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- Posix shell
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* ![](linux.png){#id .class height=32px} only supported linux and mac
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* ![](rust.png){#id .class height=32px} inspired by **rustup**
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* support from haskell.org
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## GHCup today
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[Haskell Survey 2022](https://taylor.fausak.me/2022/11/18/haskell-survey-results/#s2q1):
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![](survey.png)
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- over **17k** LOC Haskell
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- supports all platforms: Linux, Windows, macOS, FreeBSD
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- first thing new Haskell users get exposed to
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## What is GHCup (simplified)?
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```sh
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curl -s -L \
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'https://downloads.haskell.org/~ghc/9.6.5/ghc-9.6.5-x86_64-fedora33-linux.tar.xz' |
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tar -xJ -C /tmp &&
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cd /tmp/ghc-9.6.5-x86_64-unknown-linux/ &&
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./configure --prefix="$HOME/.local" &&
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make install &&
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rm -rf /tmp/ghc-9.6.5-x86_64-unknown-linux/
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```
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## What is GHCup really?
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* ![](open-box.png){#id .class width=32 height=32px} installer (portable)
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* ![](debian.png){#id .class width=32 height=32px} distribution channel
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* ![](feedback.png){#id .class width=32 height=32px} feedback channel
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* ![](qa.png){#id .class width=32 height=32px} testing/QA gateway
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* ![](user.png){#id .class width=32 height=32px} provider of sane defaults (e.g. "recommended" GHC version)
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* ![](chain-saw.png){#id .class width=32 height=32px} glue for holistic toolchain experience
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- VSCode, stack, cabal-install integration
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* ![](ghaction.png){#id .class width=32 height=32px} CI provisioning (e.g. github actions)
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## The difference to Gentoo
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* one-man project (mostly)
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* much tighter coupling between upstream (e.g. GHC developers) and downstream (GHCup developers)
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* heavier on relationship issues
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* much more responsibility
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* position of authority
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## Relationships in detail
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Dependencies:
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- supported tools
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- GHC
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- Cabal
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- HLS
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- Stack
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- decisions that affect us
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- release frequency
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- upstream CI
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- platform support
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- binary distributions (the `.tar.gz`/`.zip`)
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## Relationships in detail
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Dependents:
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- ![](haskell_logo.png){#id .class height=32px} Haskell developers
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- beginners, advanced, students, companies
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- ![](person.png){#id .class width=32 height=32px} end users (e.g. compiling pandoc from source)
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- ![](ghaction.png){#id .class width=32 height=32px} GitHub CI
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- GitHub images, Haskell repos
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- 🪞 mirrors
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- [sjtug](https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/docs/ghcup)
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- 🧰 tools
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- [vscode-haskell](https://github.com/haskell/vscode-haskell), [Haskell playground](https://play.haskell.org/), [nvim-lsp-installer](https://github.com/williamboman/nvim-lsp-installer)
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