Backport changes from posix-paths PR:

* add isFileName
* add hasParentDir
* add hiddenFile
* add our own openFd version for more control
* small documentation improvements
* add a getDirectoryContents' version that works on Fd
* fix linting warnings
* lift version constraints in benchmark

Also adjust HPath.IO to work with the new API.

src/System/Posix/FD.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}
+
+{-# OPTIONS_GHC -Wall #-}
+
+-- |Provides an alternative for `System.Posix.IO.ByteString.openFd`
+-- which gives us more control on what status flags to pass to the
+-- low-level `open(2)` call, in contrast to the unix package.
+module System.Posix.FD (
+  openFd
+  , fooBar
+) where
+
+
+import Foreign.C.String
+import Foreign.C.Types
+import System.Posix.Directory.Foreign
+import qualified System.Posix as Posix
+import System.Posix.ByteString.FilePath
+
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "open"
+   c_open :: CString -> CInt -> Posix.CMode -> IO CInt
+
+
+open_  :: CString
+       -> Posix.OpenMode
+       -> [Flags]
+       -> Maybe Posix.FileMode
+       -> IO Posix.Fd
+open_ str how optional_flags maybe_mode = do
+    fd <- c_open str all_flags mode_w
+    return (Posix.Fd fd)
+  where
+    all_flags  = unionFlags $ optional_flags ++ [open_mode] ++ creat
+
+
+    (creat, mode_w) = case maybe_mode of
+                        Nothing -> ([],0)
+                        Just x  -> ([oCreat], x)
+
+    open_mode = case how of
+                   Posix.ReadOnly  -> oRdonly
+                   Posix.WriteOnly -> oWronly
+                   Posix.ReadWrite -> oRdwr
+
+
+-- |Open and optionally create this file. See 'System.Posix.Files'
+-- for information on how to use the 'FileMode' type.
+--
+-- Note that passing `Just x` as the 4th argument triggers the
+-- `oCreat` status flag, which must be set when you pass in `oExcl`
+-- to the status flags. Also see the manpage for `open(2)`.
+openFd :: RawFilePath
+       -> Posix.OpenMode
+       -> [Flags]               -- ^ status flags of open(2)
+       -> Maybe Posix.FileMode  -- ^ Just x => creates the file with the given modes, Nothing => the file must exist.
+       -> IO Posix.Fd
+openFd name how optional_flags maybe_mode =
+   withFilePath name $ \str ->
+     throwErrnoPathIfMinus1Retry "openFd" name $
+       open_ str how optional_flags maybe_mode
+
+
+fooBar :: String -> String
+fooBar = undefined