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ghcup-hs/docs/guide.md
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User Guide

This is a more in-depth guide specific to GHCup. ghcup --help is your friend.

Basic usage

For the simple, interactive, text-based user interface (TUI) (not available on windows), run:

ghcup tui

For the full functionality via cli:

# list available ghc/cabal versions
ghcup list

# install the recommended GHC version
ghcup install ghc

# install a specific GHC version
ghcup install ghc 8.2.2

# set the currently "active" GHC version
ghcup set ghc 8.4.4

# install cabal-install
ghcup install cabal

# update ghcup itself
ghcup upgrade

Tags and shortcuts

GHCup has a number of tags and version shortcuts, that can be used as arguments to install/set etc. All of the following are valid arguments to ghcup install ghc:

  • latest, recommended
  • base-4.15.1.0
  • 9.0.2, 9.0, 9

If the argument is omitted, the default is recommended.

Manpages

For man pages to work you need man-db as your man provider, then issue man ghc. Manpages only work for the currently set ghc. MANPATH may be required to be unset.

Shell-completion

Shell completions are in scripts/shell-completions directory of this repository.

For bash: install shell-completions/bash as e.g. /etc/bash_completion.d/ghcup (depending on distro) and make sure your bashrc sources the startup script (/usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion on some distros).

Portability

ghcup is very portable. There are a few exceptions though:

  1. ghcup tui is only available on non-windows platforms
  2. legacy subcommands ghcup install (without a tool identifier) and ghcup install-cabal may be removed in the future

Configuration

A configuration file can be put in ~/.ghcup/config.yaml. The default config file explaining all possible configurations can be found in this repo: config.yaml.

Partial configuration is fine. Command line options always override the config file settings.

Overriding distro detection

If you're running e.g. an Ubuntu derivate based on 18.04 and ghcup is picking bindists that don't work well, you could do this in config.yaml:

platform-override:
  arch: A_64
  platform:
    contents: Ubuntu
    tag: Linux
  version: '18.04'

Env variables

This is the complete list of env variables that change GHCup behavior:

  • GHCUP_USE_XDG_DIRS: see XDG support above
  • GHCUP_INSTALL_BASE_PREFIX: the base of ghcup (default: $HOME)
  • GHCUP_CURL_OPTS: additional options that can be passed to curl
  • GHCUP_WGET_OPTS: additional options that can be passed to wget
  • GHCUP_GPG_OPTS: additional options that can be passed to gpg
  • GHCUP_SKIP_UPDATE_CHECK: Skip the (possibly annoying) update check when you run a command
  • CC/LD etc.: full environment is passed to the build system when compiling GHC via GHCup

On windows, there's additionally:

  • GHCUP_MSYS2: Has to point to the root of an existing MSYS2 installation (when installed by GHCup, that's e.g. C:\ghcup\msys64). GHCup bootstrap takes care of this usually.

XDG support

To enable XDG style directories, set the environment variable GHCUP_USE_XDG_DIRS to anything.

Then you can control the locations via XDG environment variables as such:

  • XDG_DATA_HOME: GHCs will be unpacked in ghcup/ghc subdir (default: ~/.local/share)
  • XDG_CACHE_HOME: logs and download files will be stored in ghcup subdir (default: ~/.cache)
  • XDG_BIN_HOME: binaries end up here (default: ~/.local/bin)
  • XDG_CONFIG_HOME: the config file is stored in ghcup subdir as config.yaml (default: ~/.config)

Note that ghcup makes some assumptions about structure of files in XDG_BIN_HOME. So if you have other tools installing e.g. stack/cabal/ghc into it, this will likely clash. In that case consider disabling XDG support.

Caching

GHCup has a few caching mechanisms to avoid redownloads. All cached files end up in ~/.ghcup/cache by default.

Downloads cache

Downloaded tarballs (such as GHC, cabal, etc.) are not cached by default unless you pass ghcup --cache or set caching in your config via ghcup config set cache true.

Metadata cache

The metadata files (also see github.com/haskell/ghcup-metadata) have a 5 minutes cache per default depending on the last access time of the file. That means if you run ghcup list 10 times in a row, only the first time will trigger a download attempt.

Clearing the cache

If you experience problems, consider clearing the cache via ghcup gc --cache.

Metadata

The metadata are the files that describe tool versions, where to download them etc. and can be viewed here: https://github.com/haskell/ghcup-metadata

Mirrors

GHCup allows to use custom mirrors/download-info hosted by yourself or 3rd parties.

To use a mirror, set the following option in ~/.ghcup/config.yaml:

url-source:
  # Accepts file/http/https scheme
  OwnSource: "https://some-url/ghcup-0.0.6.yaml"

See config.yaml for more options.

Alternatively you can do it via a cli switch:

ghcup --url-source=https://some-url/ghcup-0.0.6.yaml list

Known mirrors

  1. https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/docs/ghcup
  2. https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/ghcup.html

(Pre-)Release channels

A release channel is basically just a metadata file location. You can add additional release channels that complement the default one, such as the prerelease channel like so:

ghcup config add-release-channel https://raw.githubusercontent.com/haskell/ghcup-metadata/master/ghcup-prereleases-0.0.7.yaml

This will result in ~/.ghcup/config.yaml to contain this record:

url-source:
  AddSource:
  - Right: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/haskell/ghcup-metadata/master/ghcup-prereleases-0.0.7.yaml

You can add as many channels as you like. They are combined under Last, so versions from the prerelease channel here overwrite the default ones, if any.

To remove the channel, delete the entire url-source section or set it back to the default:

url-source:
  GHCupURL: []

If you want to combine your release channel with a mirror, you'd do it like so:

url-source:
  OwnSource:
  # base metadata
  - "https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/ghcup/yaml/ghcup/data/ghcup-0.0.6.yaml"
  # prerelease channel
  - "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/haskell/ghcup-metadata/master/ghcup-prereleases-0.0.7.yaml"

Nightlies

Nightlies are just another release channel. Currently, only GHC supports nightlies, which are binary releases that are built every night from master.

To add the nightly channel, run:

ghcup config add-release-channel https://ghc.gitlab.haskell.org/ghcup-metadata/ghcup-nightlies-0.0.7.yaml

To list all nightlies from 2023, run:

ghcup list --show-nightly --tool=ghc --since=2023-01-01

Ways to install a nightly:

# by date
ghcup install ghc 2023-06-20
# by version
ghcup install ghc 9.7.20230619
# by tag
ghcup install ghc latest-nightly

Stack integration

Stack manages GHC versions internally by default. In order to make it use ghcup installed GHC versions there are two strategies.

Strategy 1: System GHC (works on all stack versions)

You can instruct stack to use "system" GHC versions (whatever is in PATH). To do so, run the following commands:

stack config set install-ghc false --global
stack config set system-ghc  true  --global

Strategy 2: Stack hooks (new, recommended)

Since stack 2.9.1 you can customize the installation logic of GHC completely, see https://docs.haskellstack.org/en/stable/yaml_configuration/#ghc-installation-customisation.

We can use this to simply invoke ghcup whenever stack is trying to install/discover a GHC versions. This is done via placing a shell script at ~/.stack/hooks/ghc-install.sh and making it executable.

The ghcup bootstrap script asks you during installation whether you want to install this shell script. You can also install/update it manually like so:

mkdir -p ~/.stack/hooks/
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/haskell/ghcup-hs/master/scripts/hooks/stack/ghc-install.sh \
  > ~/.stack/hooks/ghc-install.sh
chmod +x ~/.stack/hooks/ghc-install.sh
# hooks are only run when 'system-ghc: false'
stack config set system-ghc false --global

By default, when the hook fails for whatever reason, stack will fall back to its own installation logic. To disable this, run stack config set install-ghc false --global.

Windows

On windows, you may find the following config options useful too: skip-msys, extra-path, extra-include-dirs, extra-lib-dirs.

Also check out: https://docs.haskellstack.org/en/stable/yaml_configuration

More on installation

Customisation of the installation scripts

The scripts offered to install GHCup are available here:

  • bootstrap-haskell for Unix-like operating systems
  • bootstrap-haskell.ps1 for Windows (PowerShell). This will, in turn, run the final bootstrap script (by default, that for the Unix-like operating systems).

The effect of the scripts can be customised by setting one or more BOOTSTRAP_HASKELL_* environment variables (as set out in the first script) and, in the case of Windows, by specifying parameters (as set out in the PowerShell script).

For example, you can toggle:

  • non-interactive installation
  • a more verbose installation
  • whether to install only GHCup (and, on Windows, MSYS2)
  • not to trigger the upgrade of GHCup
  • whether to install the latest version of HLS
  • whether to install the latest version of Stack
  • whether to respect the XDG Base Directory Specification
  • whether to adjust (prepend) the PATH in bashrc
  • on Windows, whether to adjust MINGW paths in cabal.config

You can also specify:

  • the GHC version to install
  • the Cabal version to install
  • which downloader to use (the default is curl)
  • the base URL for the download of the GHCup binary distribution

On Windows, you can also use the parameters to:

  • toggle whether to overwrite a previous installation
  • specify the GHCup installation root directory
  • specify the Cabal root directory
  • specify the directory of an existing installation of MSYS2 (for example, the one supplied by Stack)
  • specify the URL of the final bootstrap script
  • toggle whether to run the final bootstrap script via bash (instead of in a new MSYS2 shell)

Installing custom bindists

There are a couple of good use cases to install custom bindists:

  1. manually built bindists (e.g. with patches)
    • example: ghcup install ghc -u 'file:///home/mearwald/tmp/ghc-eff-patches/ghc-8.10.2-x86_64-deb10-linux.tar.xz' 8.10.2-eff
  2. GHC head CI bindists
    • example specifying a branch (master): ghcup install ghc -u 'https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/-/jobs/artifacts/master/raw/ghc-x86_64-linux-fedora33-release.tar.xz?job=x86_64-linux-fedora33-release' head
    • example specifying a job id (1129565): ghcup install ghc -u ' https://gitlab.haskell.org/api/v4/projects/1/jobs/1129565/artifacts/ghc-x86_64-linux-alpine3_12-validate+fully_static.tar.xz' mr7847
  3. DWARF bindists
    • example: ghcup install ghc -u 'https://downloads.haskell.org/~ghc/8.10.2/ghc-8.10.2-x86_64-deb10-linux-dwarf.tar.xz' 8.10.2-dwarf

Since the version parser is pretty lax, 8.10.2-eff and head are both valid versions and produce the binaries ghc-8.10.2-eff and ghc-head respectively. GHCup always needs to know which version the bindist corresponds to (this is not automatically detected).

Compiling from source

GHC

Compiling from source is supported for both source tarballs and arbitrary git refs. See ghcup compile ghc --help for a list of all available options.

If you need to overwrite the existing build.mk, check the default files in data/build_mk, copy them somewhere, adjust them and pass --config path/to/build.mk to ghcup compile ghc. Common build.mk options are explained here.

Make sure your system meets all the prerequisites.

HLS

There are 3 main ways to compile HLS from source.

  1. from hackage (should have up to date version bounds)
    • ghcup compile hls --version 1.7.0.0 --ghc 9.2.3
  2. from git (allows to build latest sources and PRs)
    • ghcup compile hls --git-ref master --ghc 9.2.3
    • ghcup compile hls --git-ref a32db0b --ghc 9.2.3
    • ghcup compile hls --git-ref 1.7.0.0 --ghc 9.2.3
  3. from source distribution that's packaged during release from the corresponding git sources
    • ghcup compile hls --source-dist 1.7.0.0 --ghc 9.2.3

All these use cabal v2-install under the hood, so all build components are cached. You can pass arbitrary arguments to cabal, e.g. set the index state like so:

ghcup compile hls --git-ref master --ghc 9.2.3 -- --index-state=2022-06-12T00:00:00Z --allow-newer

You can pass --ghc <ver> multiple times to install for many GHCs at once.

When building from git sources, ghcup will auto-detect the HLS version that the git commit corresponds to from the haskell-language-server.cabal file. This version might not have been updated since the last release. If you want to avoid overwriting the existing installed HLS version, you can instruct ghcup to use git describe to set the HLS version instead:

ghcup compile hls --git-ref master --ghc 9.2.3 --git-describe-version

You can also set the version explicitly:

ghcup compile hls --git-ref master --ghc 9.2.3 --overwrite-version 1.7.0.0-p1

To instruct cabal to run cabal update before building, run ghcup compile hls --version 1.7.0.0 --ghc 9.2.3 --cabal-update

As always, check ghcup compile hls --help.

Updating HLS for a new GHC version

First try to build from hackage with some tricks:

ghcup compile hls --version 1.7.0.0 --ghc 9.2.4 --cabal-update -- --allow-newer --index-state=2022-06-12T00:00:00Z

This augments the currently installed 1.7.0.0 official bindists in ghcup with new GHC versions support.

If that fails (since --allow-newer is quite brutal), you can install from HLS master branch (which may contain new fixes) like so:

ghcup compile hls --git-ref master --git-describe-version --ghc 8.10.7 --ghc 9.2.4 --cabal-update

This however will create a new HLS version in ghcup, e.g. 1.7.0.0-105-gdc682ba1, for both 8.10.7 and 9.2.4. If you want to switch back to the official bindists, run ghcup set hls 1.7.0.0.

Cross support

ghcup can compile and install a cross GHC for any target. However, this requires that the build host has a complete cross toolchain and various libraries installed for the target platform.

Consult the GHC documentation on the prerequisites. For distributions with non-standard locations of cross toolchain and libraries, this may need some tweaking of build.mk or configure args. See ghcup compile ghc --help for further information.

Isolated installs

Before using isolated installs, make sure to have at least GHCup version 0.1.17.8!

Ghcup also enables you to install a tool (GHC, Cabal, HLS, Stack) at an isolated location of your choosing. These installs, as the name suggests, are separate from your main installs and DO NOT conflict with them.

  • No symlinks are made to these isolated installed tools, you'd have to manually point to them wherever you intend to use them.

  • These installs, can also NOT be deleted from ghcup, you'd have to go and manually delete these.

You need to use the --isolate or -i flag followed by the directory path.

Examples:

  1. install an isolated GHC version at location /home/user/isolated_dir/ghc/

    • ghcup install ghc 8.10.5 --isolate /home/user/isolated_dir/ghc

  2. isolated install Cabal at a location you desire

    • ghcup install cabal --isolate /home/username/my_isolated_dir/

  3. do an isolated install with a custom bindist

    • ghcup install ghc --isolate /home/username/my_isolated_dir/ -u 'https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/-/jobs/artifacts/master/raw/ghc-x86_64-linux-fedora33-release.tar.xz?job=x86_64-linux-fedora33-release' head

  4. isolated install HLS

    • ghcup install hls --isolate /home/username/dir/hls/

  5. you can even compile ghc to an isolated location.

    • ghcup compile ghc -j 4 -v 9.0.1 -b 8.10.5 -i /home/username/my/dir/ghc

Continuous integration

On Windows, GHCup can be installed automatically on a CI runner non-interactively, as below. The paramaters to the PowerShell script are specified positionally, after -ArgumentList:

$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop';Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force;[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072;try { Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock ([ScriptBlock]::Create((Invoke-WebRequest https://www.haskell.org/ghcup/sh/bootstrap-haskell.ps1 -UseBasicParsing))) -ArgumentList $false,$true,$true,$false,$false,$false,$false,"C:\" } catch { Write-Error $_ }

$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop' here acts like set -e and stops execution if ghcup installation fails.

On linux/darwin/freebsd, run the following on your runner:

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://get-ghcup.haskell.org | BOOTSTRAP_HASKELL_NONINTERACTIVE=1 BOOTSTRAP_HASKELL_MINIMAL=1 sh

This will just install ghcup and on Windows additionally MSYS2.

See the installation scripts referred to above for the full list of environment variables and, in the case of Windows, parameters to tweak the script behavior.

github workflows

On github workflows you can use https://github.com/haskell/actions/. GHCup itself is also pre-installed on all platforms, but may use non-standard install locations.

GPG verification

GHCup supports verifying the GPG signature of the metadata file. The metadata file then contains SHA256 hashes of all downloads, so this is cryptographically secure.

First, obtain the gpg keys:

gpg --batch --keyserver keys.openpgp.org     --recv-keys 7D1E8AFD1D4A16D71FADA2F2CCC85C0E40C06A8C
gpg --batch --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys FE5AB6C91FEA597C3B31180B73EDE9E8CFBAEF01

Then verify the gpg key in one of these ways:

  1. find out where I live and visit me to do offline key signing
  2. figure out my mobile phone number and call me to verify the fingerprint
  3. more boring: contact me on Libera IRC (maerwald) and verify the fingerprint

Once you've verified the key, you have to figure out if you trust me.

If you trust me, then you can configure gpg in ~/.ghcup/config.yaml:

gpg-setting: GPGLax # GPGStrict | GPGLax | GPGNone

In GPGStrict mode, ghcup will fail if verification fails. In GPGLax mode it will just print a warning. You can also pass the mode via ghcup --gpg <strict|lax|none>.

Tips and tricks

ghcup run

If you don't want to explicitly switch the active GHC all the time and are using tools that rely on the plain ghc binary, GHCup provides an easy way to execute commands with a certain toolchain prepended to PATH, e.g.:

ghcup run --ghc 8.10.7 --cabal latest --hls latest --stack latest --install -- code Setup.hs

This will execute vscode with GHC set to 8.10.7 and all other tools to their latest version.

Troubleshooting

Script immediately exits on windows

There are two possible reasons:

  1. your company blocks the script (some have a whitelist)... ask your administrator
  2. your Antivirus or Windows Defender interfere with the installation. Disable them temporarily.

C compiler cannot create executables

Darwin

You need to update your XCode command line tools, e.g. like this.

Certificate authority errors (curl)

If your certificates are outdated or improperly configured, curl may be unable to download ghcup.

There are two known workarounds:

  1. Tell curl to ignore certificate errors (dangerous): curl -k https://raw.githubusercontent.com/haskell/ghcup-hs/master/scripts/bootstrap/bootstrap-haskell | GHCUP_CURL_OPTS="-k" sh
  2. Try to use wget instead: wget -O /dev/stdout https://raw.githubusercontent.com/haskell/ghcup-hs/master/scripts/bootstrap/bootstrap-haskell | BOOTSTRAP_HASKELL_DOWNLOADER=wget sh

On windows, you can disable curl like so:

Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force;[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072;try { Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock ([ScriptBlock]::Create((Invoke-WebRequest https://www.haskell.org/ghcup/sh/bootstrap-haskell.ps1 -UseBasicParsing))) -ArgumentList $true,$false,$false,$false,$false,$false,$false,"","","","",$true } catch { Write-Error $_ }