462 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
462 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
# Asynchronous Lint Engine [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/w0rp/ale.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/w0rp/ale)
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![ALE Logo by Mark Grealish - https://www.bhalash.com/](img/logo.jpg?raw=true)
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ALE (Asynchronous Lint Engine) is a plugin for providing linting in NeoVim
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and Vim 8 while you edit your text files.
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![linting example](img/example.gif?raw=true)
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ALE makes use of NeoVim and Vim 8 job control functions and timers to
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run linters on the contents of text buffers and return errors as
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text is changed in Vim. This allows for displaying warnings and
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errors in files being edited in Vim before files have been saved
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back to a filesystem.
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In other words, this plugin allows you to lint while you type.
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## Table of Contents
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1. [Supported Languages and Tools](#supported-languages)
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2. [Usage](#usage)
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3. [Installation](#installation)
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1. [Installation with Pathogen](#installation-with-pathogen)
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2. [Installation with Vundle](#installation-with-vundle)
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3. [Manual Installation](#manual-installation)
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4. [Contributing](#contributing)
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5. [FAQ](#faq)
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1. [How do I disable particular linters?](#faq-disable-linters)
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2. [How can I keep the sign gutter open?](#faq-disable-linters)
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3. [How can I change the signs ALE uses?](#faq-change-signs)
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4. [How can I show errors or warnings in my statusline?](#faq-statusline)
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5. [How can I change the format for echo messages?](#faq-echo-format)
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6. [How can I execute some code when ALE stops linting?](#faq-autocmd)
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7. [How can I navigate between errors quickly?](#faq-navigation)
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8. [How can I run linters only when I save files?](#faq-lint-on-save)
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9. [How can I use the quickfix list instead of the loclist?](#faq-quickfix)
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10. [How can I check JSX files with both stylelint and eslint?](#faq-jsx-stylelint-eslint)
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11. [Will this plugin eat all of my laptop battery power?](#faq-my-battery-is-sad)
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<a name="supported-languages"></a>
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## 1. Supported Languages and Tools
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This plugin supports the following languages and tools. All available
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tools will be run in combination, so they can be complementary.
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<!--
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Keep the table rows sorted alphabetically by the language name,
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and the tools in the tools column sorted alphabetically by the tool
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name. That seems to be the fairest way to arrange this table.
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-->
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| Language | Tools |
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| -------- | ----- |
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| Ansible | [ansible-lint](https://github.com/willthames/ansible-lint) |
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| AsciiDoc | [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
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| Bash | [-n flag](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-set), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/) |
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| Bourne Shell | [-n flag](http://linux.die.net/man/1/sh), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/) |
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| C | [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/), [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/)|
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| C++ (filetype cpp) | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/), [cppcheck] (http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/)|
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| C# | [mcs](http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/languages/csharp/) |
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| Chef | [foodcritic](http://www.foodcritic.io/) |
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| CMake | [cmakelint](https://github.com/richq/cmake-lint) |
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| CoffeeScript | [coffee](http://coffeescript.org/), [coffeelint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/coffeelint) |
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| CSS | [csslint](http://csslint.net/), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
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| Cython (pyrex filetype) | [cython](http://cython.org/) |
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| D | [dmd](https://dlang.org/dmd-linux.html) |
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| Dockerfile | [hadolint](https://github.com/lukasmartinelli/hadolint) |
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| Elixir | [credo](https://github.com/rrrene/credo) |
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| Elm | [elm-make](https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-make) |
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| Erlang | [erlc](http://erlang.org/doc/man/erlc.html) |
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| Fortran | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
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| Go | [gofmt -e](https://golang.org/cmd/gofmt/), [go vet](https://golang.org/cmd/vet/), [golint](https://godoc.org/github.com/golang/lint), [go build](https://golang.org/cmd/go/) |
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| Haml | [haml-lint](https://github.com/brigade/haml-lint)
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| Haskell | [ghc](https://www.haskell.org/ghc/), [hlint](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hlint) |
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| HTML | [HTMLHint](http://htmlhint.com/), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [tidy](http://www.html-tidy.org/) |
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| Java | [javac](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html) |
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| JavaScript | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [jscs](http://jscs.info/), [jshint](http://jshint.com/), [flow](https://flowtype.org/), [standard](http://standardjs.com/)
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| JSON | [jsonlint](http://zaa.ch/jsonlint/) |
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| LaTeX | [chktex](http://www.nongnu.org/chktex/), [lacheck](https://www.ctan.org/pkg/lacheck) |
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| Lua | [luacheck](https://github.com/mpeterv/luacheck) |
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| Markdown | [mdl](https://github.com/mivok/markdownlint), [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
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| MATLAB | [mlint](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/mlint.html) |
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| Nim | [nim](https://nim-lang.org/docs/nimc.html) |
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| nix | [nix-instantiate](http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#sec-nix-instantiate) |
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| nroff | [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
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| OCaml | [merlin](https://github.com/the-lambda-church/merlin) see `:help ale-integration-ocaml-merlin` for configuration instructions
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| Perl | [perl -c](https://perl.org/), [perl-critic](https://metacpan.org/pod/Perl::Critic) |
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| PHP | [hack](http://hacklang.org/), [php -l](https://secure.php.net/), [phpcs](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [phpmd](https://phpmd.org) |
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| Pod | [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
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| Pug | [pug-lint](https://github.com/pugjs/pug-lint) |
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| Puppet | [puppet](https://puppet.com), [puppet-lint](https://puppet-lint.com) |
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| Python | [flake8](http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/), [mypy](http://mypy-lang.org/), [pylint](https://www.pylint.org/) |
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| reStructuredText | [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
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| Ruby | [rubocop](https://github.com/bbatsov/rubocop) |
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| Rust | [rustc](https://www.rust-lang.org/), cargo (see `:help ale-integration-rust` for configuration instructions) |
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| SASS | [sass-lint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sass-lint), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
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| SCSS | [sass-lint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sass-lint), [scss-lint](https://github.com/brigade/scss-lint), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
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| Scala | [scalac](http://scala-lang.org) |
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| Slim | [slim-lint](https://github.com/sds/slim-lint)
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| SML | [smlnj](http://www.smlnj.org/) |
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| Swift | [swiftlint](https://swift.org/) |
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| Tex | [proselint](http://proselint.com/) |
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| Texinfo | [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
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| Text^ | [proselint](http://proselint.com/) |
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| TypeScript | [tslint](https://github.com/palantir/tslint), typecheck |
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| Verilog | [iverilog](https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog), [verilator](http://www.veripool.org/projects/verilator/wiki/Intro) |
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| Vim | [vint](https://github.com/Kuniwak/vint) |
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| Vim help^ | [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
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| XHTML | [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
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| YAML | [yamllint](https://yamllint.readthedocs.io/) |
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* *^ No linters for text or Vim help filetypes are enabled by default.*
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<a name="usage"></a>
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## 2. Usage
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Once this plugin is installed, while editing your files in supported
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languages and tools which have been correctly installed,
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this plugin will send the contents of your text buffers to a variety of
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programs for checking the syntax and semantics of your programs. By default,
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linters will be re-run in the background to check your syntax when you open
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new buffers or as you make edits to your files.
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The behaviour of linting can be configured with a variety of options,
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documented in [the Vim help file](doc/ale.txt). For more information on the
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options ALE offers, consult `:help ale-options` for global options and `:help
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ale-linter-options` for options specified to particular linters.
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<a name="installation"></a>
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## 3. Installation
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To install this plugin, you should use one of the following methods.
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For Windows users, replace usage of the Unix `~/.vim` directory with
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`%USERPROFILE%\_vim`, or another directory if you have configured
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Vim differently. On Windows, your `~/.vimrc` file will be similarly
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stored in `%USERPROFILE%\_vimrc`.
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<a name="installation-with-pathogen"></a>
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### 3.i. Installation with Pathogen
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To install this module with [Pathogen](https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen),
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you should clone this repository to your bundle directory, and ensure
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you have the line `execute pathogen#infect()` in your `~/.vimrc` file.
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You can run the following commands in your terminal to do so:
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```bash
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cd ~/.vim/bundle
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git clone https://github.com/w0rp/ale.git
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```
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<a name="installation-with-vundle"></a>
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### 3.ii. Installation with Vundle
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You can install this plugin using [Vundle](https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim)
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by using the path on GitHub for this repository.
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```vim
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Plugin 'w0rp/ale'
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```
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See the Vundle documentation for more information.
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<a name="manual-installation"></a>
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### 3.iii. Manual Installation
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For installation without a package manager, you can clone this git repository
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into a bundle directory as with pathogen, and add the repository to your
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runtime path yourself. First clone the repository.
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```bash
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cd ~/.vim/bundle
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git clone https://github.com/w0rp/ale.git
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```
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Then, modify your `~/.vimrc` file to add this plugin to your runtime path.
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```vim
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set nocompatible
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filetype off
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let &runtimepath.=',~/.vim/bundle/ale'
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filetype plugin on
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```
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You can add the following line to generate documentation tags automatically,
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if you don't have something similar already, so you can use the `:help` command
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to consult ALE's online documentation:
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```vim
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silent! helptags ALL
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```
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Because the author of this plugin is a weird nerd, this is his preferred
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installation method.
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<a name="contributing"></a>
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## 4. Contributing
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If you would like to see support for more languages and tools, please
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[create an issue](https://github.com/w0rp/ale/issues)
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or [create a pull request](https://github.com/w0rp/ale/pulls).
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If your tool can read from stdin or you have code to suggest which is good,
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support can be happily added for it.
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If you are interested in the general direction of the project, check out the
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[wiki home page](https://github.com/w0rp/ale/wiki). The wiki includes a
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Roadmap for the future, and more.
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<a name="faq"></a>
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## 5. FAQ
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<a name="faq-disable-linters"></a>
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### 5.i. How do I disable particular linters?
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By default, all available tools for all supported languages will be run.
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If you want to only select a subset of the tools, simply create a
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`g:ale_linters` dictionary in your vimrc file mapping filetypes
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to lists of linters to run.
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```vim
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let g:ale_linters = {
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\ 'javascript': ['eslint'],
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\}
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```
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For all languages unspecified in the dictionary, all possible linters will
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be run for those languages, just as when the dictionary is not defined.
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Running many linters should not typically obstruct editing in Vim,
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as they will all be executed in separate processes simultaneously.
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This plugin will look for linters in the [`ale_linters`](ale_linters) directory.
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Each directory within corresponds to a particular filetype in Vim, and each file
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in each directory corresponds to the name of a particular linter.
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<a name="faq-keep-signs"></a>
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### 5.ii. How can I keep the sign gutter open?
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You can keep the sign gutter open at all times by setting the
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`g:ale_sign_column_always` to 1
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```vim
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let g:ale_sign_column_always = 1
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```
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<a name="faq-change-signs"></a>
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### 5.iii. How can I change the signs ALE uses?
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Use these options to specify what text should be used for signs:
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```vim
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let g:ale_sign_error = '>>'
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let g:ale_sign_warning = '--'
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```
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ALE sets some background colors automatically for warnings and errors
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in the sign gutter, with the names `ALEErrorSign` and `ALEWarningSign`.
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These colors can be customised, or even removed completely:
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```vim
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highlight clear ALEErrorSign
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highlight clear ALEWarningSign
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```
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<a name="faq-statusline"></a>
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### 5.iv. How can I show errors or warnings in my statusline?
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You can use `ALEGetStatusLine()` to integrate ALE into vim statusline.
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To enable it, you should have in your `statusline` settings
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```vim
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%{ALEGetStatusLine()}
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```
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When errors are detected a string showing the number of errors will be shown.
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You can customize the output format using the global list `g:ale_statusline_format` where:
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- The 1st element is for errors
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- The 2nd element is for warnings
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- The 3rd element is for when no errors are detected
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e.g
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```vim
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let g:ale_statusline_format = ['⨉ %d', '⚠ %d', '⬥ ok']
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```
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![Statusline with issues](img/issues.png)
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![Statusline with no issues](img/no_issues.png)
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<a name="faq-echo-format"></a>
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### 5.v. How can I change the format for echo messages?
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There are 3 global options that allow customizing the echoed message.
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- `g:ale_echo_msg_format` where:
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* `%s` is the error message itself
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* `%linter%` is the linter name
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* `%severity` is the severity type
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- `g:ale_echo_msg_error_str` is the string used for error severity.
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- `g:ale_echo_msg_warning_str` is the string used for warning severity.
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So for example this:
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```vim
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let g:ale_echo_msg_error_str = 'E'
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let g:ale_echo_msg_warning_str = 'W'
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let g:ale_echo_msg_format = '[%linter%] %s [%severity%]'
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```
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Will give you:
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![Echoed message](img/echo.png)
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<a name="faq-autocmd"></a>
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### 5.vi. How can I execute some code when ALE stops linting?
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ALE runs its own [autocmd](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/autocmd.html)
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event whenever has a linter has been successfully executed and processed. This
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autocmd event can be used to call arbitrary functions after ALE stops linting.
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```vim
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augroup YourGroup
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autocmd!
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autocmd User ALELint call YourFunction()
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augroup END
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```
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<a name="faq-navigation"></a>
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### 5.vii. How can I navigate between errors quickly?
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ALE offers some commands with `<Plug>` keybinds for moving between warnings and
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errors quickly. You can map the keys Ctrl+j and Ctrl+k to moving between errors
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for example:
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```vim
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nmap <silent> <C-k> <Plug>(ale_previous_wrap)
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nmap <silent> <C-j> <Plug>(ale_next_wrap)
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```
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For more information, consult the online documentation with
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`:help ale-navigation-commands`.
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<a name="faq-lint-on-save"></a>
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### 5.viii. How can I run linters only when I save files?
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ALE offers an option `g:ale_lint_on_save` for enabling running the linters
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when files are saved. If you wish to run linters when files are saved, not
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as you are editing files, then you can turn the option for linting
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when text is changed off too.
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```vim
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" Write this in your vimrc file
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let g:ale_lint_on_save = 1
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let g:ale_lint_on_text_changed = 0
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" You can disable this option too
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" if you don't want linters to run on opening a file
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let g:ale_lint_on_enter = 0
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```
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<a name="faq-quickfix"></a>
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### 5.ix. How can I use the quickfix list instead of the loclist?
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The quickfix list can be enabled by turning the `g:ale_set_quickfix`
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option on. If you wish to also disable the loclist, you can disable
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the `g:ale_set_loclist` option.
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```vim
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" Write this in your vimrc file
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let g:ale_set_loclist = 0
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let g:ale_set_quickfix = 1
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```
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If you wish to show Vim windows for the loclist or quickfix items
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when a file contains warnings or errors, `g:ale_open_list` can be
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set to `1`. `g:ale_keep_list_window_open` can be set to `1`
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if you wish to keep the window open even after errors disappear.
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```vim
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let g:ale_open_list = 1
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" Set this if you want to.
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" This can be useful if you are combining ALE with
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" some other plugin which sets quickfix errors, etc.
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let g:ale_keep_list_window_open = 1
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```
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<a name="faq-jsx-stylelint-eslint"></a>
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### 5.x. How can I check JSX files with both stylelint and eslint?
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If you configure ALE options correctly in your vimrc file, and install
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the right tools, you can check JSX files with stylelint and eslint.
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First, install eslint and install stylelint with
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[https://github.com/styled-components/stylelint-processor-styled-components](stylelint-processor-styled-components).
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Supposing you have installed both tools correctly, configure your .jsx files so
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`jsx` is included in the filetype. You can use an `autocmd` for this.
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```vim
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augroup FiletypeGroup
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autocmd!
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au BufNewFile,BufRead *.jsx set filetype=javascript.jsx
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augroup END
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```
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Supposing the filetype has been set correctly, you can set the following
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options in your vimrc file:
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```vim
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let g:ale_linters = {'jsx': ['stylelint', 'eslint']}
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let g:ale_linter_aliases = {'jsx': 'css'}
|
|
```
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|
|
|
ALE will alias the `jsx` filetype so it uses the `css` filetype linters, and
|
|
use the original Array of selected linters for `jsx` from the `g:ale_linters`
|
|
object. All available linters will be used for the filetype `javascript`, and
|
|
no linter will be run twice for the same file.
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|
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|
<a name="faq-my-battery-is-sad"></a>
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|
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### 5.xi. Will this plugin eat all of my laptop battery power?
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|
|
|
ALE takes advantage of the power of various tools to check your code. This of
|
|
course means that CPU time will be used to continuously check your code. If you
|
|
are concerned about the CPU time ALE will spend, which will of course imply
|
|
some cost to battery life, you can adjust your settings to make your CPU do
|
|
less work.
|
|
|
|
First, consider increasing the delay before which ALE will run any linters
|
|
while you type. ALE uses a timeout which is cancelled and reset every time you
|
|
type, and this delay can be increased so linters are run less often. See
|
|
`:help g:ale_lint_delay` for more information.
|
|
|
|
If you don't wish to run linters while you type, you can disable that
|
|
behaviour. Set `g:ale_lint_on_text_changed` to `0`, and consider setting
|
|
`g:ale_lint_on_save` to `1` to enable linting when you save files. You won't
|
|
get as frequent error checking, but ALE shouldn't block your ability to edit a
|
|
document after you save a file, so the asynchronous nature of the plugin will
|
|
still be an advantage.
|
|
|
|
If you are still concerned, you can turn the automatic linting off altogether,
|
|
including the option `g:ale_lint_on_enter`, and you can run ALE manually with
|
|
`:call ale#Lint()`.
|