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</pre><pre class="rust ">
<span class="doccomment">//! Audio playback and capture</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! # Example</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! Playback a sine wave through the &quot;default&quot; device.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! use alsa::{Direction, ValueOr};</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! use alsa::pcm::{PCM, HwParams, Format, Access, State};</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! // Open default playback device</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let pcm = PCM::open(&amp;*CString::new(&quot;default&quot;).unwrap(), Direction::Playback, false).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! // Set hardware parameters: 44100 Hz / Mono / 16 bit</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let hwp = HwParams::any(&amp;pcm).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! hwp.set_channels(1).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! hwp.set_rate(44100, ValueOr::Nearest).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! hwp.set_format(Format::s16()).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! hwp.set_access(Access::RWInterleaved).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! pcm.hw_params(&amp;hwp).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let io = pcm.io_i16().unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! // Make a sine wave</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! let mut buf = [0i16; 1024];</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! for (i, a) in buf.iter_mut().enumerate() {</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!     *a = ((i as f32 * 2.0 * ::std::f32::consts::PI / 128.0).sin() * 8192.0) as i16</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! }</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! // Play it back for 2 seconds.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! for _ in 0..2*44100/1024 {</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!     assert_eq!(io.writei(&amp;buf[..]).unwrap(), 1024);</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! }</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! // In case the buffer was larger than 2 seconds, start the stream manually.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! if pcm.state() != State::Running { pcm.start().unwrap() };</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! // Wait for the stream to finish playback.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! pcm.drain().unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>


<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">libc</span>::{<span class="ident">c_int</span>, <span class="ident">c_uint</span>, <span class="ident">c_void</span>, <span class="ident">ssize_t</span>, <span class="ident">c_short</span>, <span class="ident">timespec</span>, <span class="ident">EINVAL</span>, <span class="ident">pollfd</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">marker</span>::<span class="ident">PhantomData</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">mem</span>::<span class="ident">size_of</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">ffi</span>::<span class="ident">CStr</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::{<span class="ident">io</span>, <span class="ident">fmt</span>, <span class="ident">ptr</span>, <span class="ident">cell</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="ident">error</span>::<span class="kw-2">*</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">super</span>::{<span class="ident">Direction</span>, <span class="ident">Output</span>, <span class="ident">poll</span>, <span class="ident">ValueOr</span>, <span class="ident">chmap</span>};

<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="ident">chmap</span>::{<span class="ident">Chmap</span>, <span class="ident">ChmapPosition</span>, <span class="ident">ChmapType</span>, <span class="ident">ChmapsQuery</span>};

<span class="doccomment">/// [snd_pcm_sframes_t](http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/group___p_c_m.html)</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sframes_t</span>;

<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">Info</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_info_t</span>);

<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Info</span> {
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">new</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Info</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">null_mut</span>();
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_info_malloc</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">p</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">Info</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>))
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_card</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">i32</span> {
        <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_info_get_card</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) }
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_device</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">u32</span> {
        <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_info_get_device</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) }
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_subdevice</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">u32</span> {
        <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_info_get_subdevice</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) }
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_id</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">c</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_info_get_id</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) };
        <span class="ident">from_const</span>(<span class="string">&quot;snd_pcm_info_get_id&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">c</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_name</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">c</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_info_get_name</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) };
        <span class="ident">from_const</span>(<span class="string">&quot;snd_pcm_info_get_name&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">c</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_subdevice_name</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">c</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_info_get_subdevice_name</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) };
        <span class="ident">from_const</span>(<span class="string">&quot;snd_pcm_info_get_subdevice_name&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">c</span>)
    }
}

<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Drop</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Info</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_info_free</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) }; }
}

<span class="doccomment">/// [snd_pcm_t](http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/group___p_c_m.html) wrapper - start here for audio playback and recording</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_t</span>, <span class="ident">cell</span>::<span class="ident">Cell</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">bool</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>);

<span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Send</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span> {}

<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">check_has_io</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) {
        <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>.<span class="ident">get</span>() { <span class="macro">panic</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;No hw_params call or additional IO objects allowed&quot;</span>) }
    }

    <span class="comment">// Does not offer async mode (it&#39;s not very Rustic anyway)</span>
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">open</span>(<span class="ident">name</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">CStr</span>, <span class="ident">dir</span>: <span class="ident">Direction</span>, <span class="ident">nonblock</span>: <span class="ident">bool</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">PCM</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">null_mut</span>();
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">stream</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">dir</span> {
            <span class="ident">Direction</span>::<span class="ident">Capture</span> <span class="op">=&gt;</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE</span>,
            <span class="ident">Direction</span>::<span class="ident">Playback</span> <span class="op">=&gt;</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK</span>
        };
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">flags</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">nonblock</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">SND_PCM_NONBLOCK</span> } <span class="kw">else</span> { <span class="number">0</span> };
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_open</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span>, <span class="ident">name</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>(), <span class="ident">stream</span>, <span class="ident">flags</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>, <span class="ident">cell</span>::<span class="ident">Cell</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="bool-val">false</span>)))
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">start</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> { <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_start</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ()) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> { <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_drop</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ()) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">pause</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">pause</span>: <span class="ident">bool</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_pause</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">pause</span> { <span class="number">1</span> } <span class="kw">else</span> { <span class="number">0</span> })).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ()) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">resume</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> { <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_resume</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ()) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drain</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> { <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_drain</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ()) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">prepare</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> { <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_prepare</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ()) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">reset</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> { <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_reset</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ()) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">recover</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">err</span>: <span class="ident">c_int</span>, <span class="ident">silent</span>: <span class="ident">bool</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_recover</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">err</span>, <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">silent</span> { <span class="number">1</span> } <span class="kw">else</span> { <span class="number">0</span> })).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ()) }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">wait</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">timeout_ms</span>: <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">u32</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">bool</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_wait</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">timeout_ms</span>.<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">x</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">x</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_int</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap_or</span>(<span class="op">-</span><span class="number">1</span>))).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">i</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">i</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="number">1</span>) }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">state</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">State</span> { <span class="ident">State</span>::<span class="ident">from_c_int</span>(
        <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_state</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) } <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_int</span>, <span class="string">&quot;snd_pcm_status_get_state&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>() }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">bytes_to_frames</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">i</span>: <span class="ident">isize</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span> { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_bytes_to_frames</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">i</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">ssize_t</span>) }}
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">frames_to_bytes</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">i</span>: <span class="ident">Frames</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">isize</span> { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_frames_to_bytes</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">i</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span> }}

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">avail_update</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Frames</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> { <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_avail_update</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">avail</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Frames</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> { <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_avail</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)) }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">avail_delay</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>(<span class="ident">Frames</span>, <span class="ident">Frames</span>)<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> (<span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">a</span>, <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span>) <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>);
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_avail_delay</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">a</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> (<span class="ident">a</span>, <span class="ident">d</span>))
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">status</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Status</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">z</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Status</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">z</span>.<span class="ident">ptr</span>())).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">z</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">verify_format</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="ident">Format</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ff</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="macro">try</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">hw_params_current</span>().<span class="ident">and_then</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">h</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">h</span>.<span class="ident">get_format</span>()));
        <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">ff</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="ident">f</span> { <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(()) }
        <span class="kw">else</span> {
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="macro">format</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Invalid sample format ({:?}, expected {:?})&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">ff</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>);
            <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">Error</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>()), <span class="ident">INVALID_FORMAT</span>))
        }
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">io_i8</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">i8</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">verify_format</span>(<span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">S8</span>).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">IO</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>)) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">io_u8</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">verify_format</span>(<span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">U8</span>).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">IO</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>)) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">io_i16</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">i16</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">verify_format</span>(<span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">s16</span>()).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">IO</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>)) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">io_u16</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">u16</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">verify_format</span>(<span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">u16</span>()).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">IO</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>)) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">io_i32</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">i32</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">verify_format</span>(<span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">s32</span>()).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">IO</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>)) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">io_u32</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">u32</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">verify_format</span>(<span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">u32</span>()).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">IO</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>)) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">io_f32</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">f32</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">verify_format</span>(<span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">float</span>()).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">IO</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>)) }
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">io_f64</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">f64</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">verify_format</span>(<span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">float64</span>()).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">IO</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>)) }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">io</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> { <span class="ident">IO</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Sets hw parameters. Note: No IO object can exist for this PCM</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// when hw parameters are set.</span>
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">hw_params</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">h</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">HwParams</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">check_has_io</span>();
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">h</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">hw_params_current</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">HwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> {
        <span class="ident">HwParams</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>).<span class="ident">and_then</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">h</span><span class="op">|</span>
            <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_current</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">h</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">h</span>))
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">sw_params</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">h</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">SwParams</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">h</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">sw_params_current</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">SwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> {
        <span class="ident">SwParams</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>).<span class="ident">and_then</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">h</span><span class="op">|</span>
            <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_current</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">h</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">h</span>))
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">info</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Info</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="ident">Info</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>().<span class="ident">and_then</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">info</span><span class="op">|</span>
            <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_info</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">info</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">info</span> ))
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">dump</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">o</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">Output</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_dump</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">output_handle</span>(<span class="ident">o</span>))).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">dump_hw_setup</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">o</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">Output</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_dump_hw_setup</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">output_handle</span>(<span class="ident">o</span>))).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">dump_sw_setup</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">o</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">Output</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_dump_sw_setup</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">output_handle</span>(<span class="ident">o</span>))).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">query_chmaps</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">ChmapsQuery</span> {
        <span class="ident">chmap</span>::<span class="ident">chmaps_query_new</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_query_chmaps</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) })
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_chmap</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">c</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">Chmap</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_set_chmap</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">chmap</span>::<span class="ident">chmap_handle</span>(<span class="ident">c</span>))).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_chmap</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Chmap</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_get_chmap</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) };
        <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">null_mut</span>() { <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">Error</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="string">&quot;snd_pcm_get_chmap&quot;</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>()), <span class="op">-</span><span class="ident">EINVAL</span>)) }
        <span class="kw">else</span> { <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="ident">chmap</span>::<span class="ident">chmap_new</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>)) }
    }
}

<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Drop</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_close</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) }; }
}


<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">poll</span>::<span class="ident">PollDescriptors</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">count</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">usize</span> {
        <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span> }
    }
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fill</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">p</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> [<span class="ident">pollfd</span>]) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">z</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_poll_descriptors</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">as_mut_ptr</span>(), <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_uint</span>) };
        <span class="ident">from_code</span>(<span class="string">&quot;snd_pcm_poll_descriptors&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">z</span>).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">z</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span>)
    }
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">revents</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">p</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="ident">pollfd</span>]) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">poll</span>::<span class="ident">PollFlags</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">z</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">pollfd</span>, <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_uint</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span>) };
        <span class="ident">from_code</span>(<span class="string">&quot;snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">z</span>).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">poll</span>::<span class="ident">PollFlags</span>::<span class="ident">from_bits_truncate</span>(<span class="ident">r</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_short</span>))
    }
}

<span class="doccomment">/// Sample format dependent struct for reading from and writing data to a `PCM`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Also implements `std::io::Read` and `std::io::Write`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Note: Only one IO object is allowed in scope at a time (for mmap safety).</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">S</span>: <span class="ident">Copy</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>, <span class="ident">PhantomData</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">S</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>);

<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">S</span>: <span class="ident">Copy</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Drop</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">S</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) { (<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>).<span class="number">1</span>.<span class="ident">set</span>(<span class="bool-val">false</span>) }
}

<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">S</span>: <span class="ident">Copy</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">S</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {

    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">S</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">check_has_io</span>();
        <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="number">1</span>.<span class="ident">set</span>(<span class="bool-val">true</span>);
        <span class="ident">IO</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>, <span class="ident">PhantomData</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_frames</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">b</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span> {
        <span class="comment">// TODO: Do we need to check for overflow here?</span>
        <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.<span class="ident">bytes_to_frames</span>((<span class="ident">b</span> <span class="op">*</span> <span class="ident">size_of</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">S</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>()) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>
    }

    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_frames</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">b</span>: <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">usize</span> {
        <span class="comment">// TODO: Do we need to check for overflow here?</span>
        (<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.<span class="ident">frames_to_bytes</span>(<span class="ident">b</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span>) <span class="op">/</span> <span class="ident">size_of</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">S</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>()
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// On success, returns number of *frames* written.</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// (Multiply with number of channels to get number of items in buf successfully written.)</span>
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">writei</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">buf</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="ident">S</span>]) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_writei</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_void</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_frames</span>(<span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>()))).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">r</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span>)
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// On success, returns number of *frames* read.</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// (Multiply with number of channels to get number of items in buf successfully read.)</span>
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">readi</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">buf</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> [<span class="ident">S</span>]) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_readi</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">as_mut_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">c_void</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_frames</span>(<span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>()))).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">r</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span>)
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// Wrapper around snd_pcm_mmap_begin and snd_pcm_mmap_commit.</span>
    <span class="doccomment">///</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// You can read/write into the sound card&#39;s buffer during the call to the closure.</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// According to alsa-lib docs, you should call avail_update before calling this function.</span>
    <span class="doccomment">///</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// All calculations are in *frames*, i e, the closure should return number of frames processed.</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// Also, there might not be as many frames to read/write as requested, and there can even be</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// an empty buffer supplied to the closure.</span>
    <span class="doccomment">///</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// Note: This function works only with interleaved access mode.</span>
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">mmap</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">F</span>: <span class="ident">FnOnce</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> [<span class="ident">S</span>]) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">frames</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>, <span class="ident">func</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">f</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">frames</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>;
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">offs</span>: <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">areas</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">null</span>();
        <span class="macro">try</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_mmap_begin</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">areas</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">offs</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">f</span>)));

        <span class="kw">let</span> (<span class="ident">first</span>, <span class="ident">step</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { ((<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">areas</span>).<span class="ident">first</span>, (<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">areas</span>).<span class="ident">step</span>) };
        <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">first</span> <span class="op">!=</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="op">||</span> <span class="ident">step</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span> <span class="op">!=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.<span class="ident">frames_to_bytes</span>(<span class="number">1</span>) <span class="op">*</span> <span class="number">8</span> {
            <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_mmap_commit</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">offs</span>, <span class="number">0</span>) };
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="macro">format</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Can only mmap a single interleaved buffer (first = {:?}, step = {:?})&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">first</span>, <span class="ident">step</span>);
            <span class="kw">return</span> <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">Error</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>()), <span class="ident">INVALID_FORMAT</span>));
        }

        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">buf</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> ((<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">areas</span>).<span class="ident">addr</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">S</span>).<span class="ident">offset</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">from_frames</span>(<span class="ident">offs</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span>);
            ::<span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">slice</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw_parts_mut</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">from_frames</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>))
        };
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">fres</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">func</span>(<span class="ident">buf</span>);
        <span class="macro">debug_assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">fres</span> <span class="op">&lt;=</span> <span class="ident">f</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span>);
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_mmap_commit</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">offs</span>, <span class="ident">fres</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">r</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span>)
    }
}

<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">S</span>: <span class="ident">Copy</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">Read</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">S</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">read</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">buf</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> [<span class="ident">u8</span>]) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">size</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.<span class="ident">bytes_to_frames</span>(<span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>; <span class="comment">// TODO: Do we need to check for overflow here?</span>
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_readi</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">as_mut_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">c_void</span>, <span class="ident">size</span>) };
        <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">&lt;</span> <span class="number">0</span> { <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">Error</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw_os_error</span>(<span class="ident">r</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">i32</span>)) }
        <span class="kw">else</span> { <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.<span class="ident">frames_to_bytes</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span>) }
    }
}

<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">S</span>: <span class="ident">Copy</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">Write</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">IO</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="ident">S</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">write</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">buf</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">usize</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">size</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.<span class="ident">bytes_to_frames</span>(<span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">isize</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>; <span class="comment">// TODO: Do we need to check for overflow here?</span>
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_writei</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_void</span>, <span class="ident">size</span>) };
        <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">&lt;</span> <span class="number">0</span> { <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">Error</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw_os_error</span>(<span class="ident">r</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">i32</span>)) }
        <span class="kw">else</span> { <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.<span class="ident">frames_to_bytes</span>(<span class="ident">r</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span>) }
    }
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">flush</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> { <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(()) }
}


<span class="macro">alsa_enum</span><span class="macro">!</span>(
    <span class="doccomment">/// [SND_PCM_STATE_xxx](http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/group___p_c_m.html) constants</span>
    <span class="ident">State</span>, <span class="ident">ALL_STATES</span>[<span class="number">9</span>],

    <span class="ident">Open</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_STATE_OPEN</span>,
    <span class="ident">Setup</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_STATE_SETUP</span>,
    <span class="ident">Prepared</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED</span>,
    <span class="ident">Running</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING</span>,
    <span class="ident">XRun</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN</span>,
    <span class="ident">Draining</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_STATE_DRAINING</span>,
    <span class="ident">Paused</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_STATE_PAUSED</span>,
    <span class="ident">Suspended</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED</span>,
    <span class="ident">Disconnected</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED</span>,
);

<span class="macro">alsa_enum</span><span class="macro">!</span>(
    <span class="doccomment">/// [SND_PCM_FORMAT_xxx](http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/group___p_c_m.html) constants</span>
    <span class="ident">Format</span>, <span class="ident">ALL_FORMATS</span>[<span class="number">45</span>],

    <span class="ident">Unknown</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN</span>,
    <span class="ident">S8</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8</span>,
    <span class="ident">U8</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8</span>,
    <span class="ident">S16LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">S16BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U16LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U16_LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U16BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U16_BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">S24LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">S24BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U24LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U24_LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U24BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U24_BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">S32LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">S32BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U32LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U32_LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U32BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U32_BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">FloatLE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">FloatBE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">Float64LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">Float64BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">IEC958SubframeLE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">IEC958SubframeBE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">MuLaw</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW</span>,
    <span class="ident">ALaw</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW</span>,
    <span class="ident">ImaAdPCM</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_IMA_ADPCM</span>,
    <span class="ident">MPEG</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_MPEG</span>,
    <span class="ident">GSM</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_GSM</span>,
    <span class="ident">Special</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_SPECIAL</span>,
    <span class="ident">S243LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">S243BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U243LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U24_3LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U243BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U24_3BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">S203LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">S203BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U203LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U20_3LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U203BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U20_3BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">S183LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S18_3LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">S183BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_S18_3BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U183LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U18_3LE</span>,
    <span class="ident">U183BE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_U18_3BE</span>,
    <span class="ident">G72324</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_G723_24</span>,
    <span class="ident">G723241B</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_G723_24_1B</span>,
    <span class="ident">G72340</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_G723_40</span>,
    <span class="ident">G723401B</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_G723_40_1B</span>,
    <span class="ident">DSDU8</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U8</span>,
    <span class="ident">DSDU16LE</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_LE</span>,
<span class="comment">//    DSDU32LE = SND_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_LE,</span>
<span class="comment">//    DSDU16BE = SND_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_BE,</span>
<span class="comment">//    DSDU32BE = SND_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_BE,</span>
);

<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> {
    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;little&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">s16</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">S16LE</span> }
    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;big&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">s16</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">S16BE</span> }

    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;little&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">u16</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">U16LE</span> }
    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;big&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">u16</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">U16BE</span> }

    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;little&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">s24</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">S24LE</span> }
    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;big&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">s24</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">S24BE</span> }

    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;little&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">u24</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">U24LE</span> }
    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;big&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">u24</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">U24BE</span> }

    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;little&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">s32</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">S32LE</span> }
    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;big&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">s32</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">S32BE</span> }

    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;little&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">u32</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">U32LE</span> }
    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;big&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">u32</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">U32BE</span> }

    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;little&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">float</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">FloatLE</span> }
    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;big&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">float</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">FloatBE</span> }

    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;little&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">float64</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">Float64LE</span> }
    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;big&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">float64</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">Float64BE</span> }

    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;little&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">iec958_subframe</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">IEC958SubframeLE</span> }
    <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">target_endian</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;big&quot;</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">iec958_subframe</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Format</span> { <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">IEC958SubframeBE</span> }
}

<span class="macro">alsa_enum</span><span class="macro">!</span>(
    <span class="doccomment">/// [SND_PCM_ACCESS_xxx](http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/group___p_c_m.html) constants</span>
    <span class="ident">Access</span>, <span class="ident">ALL_ACCESSES</span>[<span class="number">5</span>],

    <span class="ident">MMapInterleaved</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED</span>,
    <span class="ident">MMapNonInterleaved</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED</span>,
    <span class="ident">MMapComplex</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_COMPLEX</span>,
    <span class="ident">RWInterleaved</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED</span>,
    <span class="ident">RWNonInterleaved</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED</span>,
);

<span class="doccomment">/// [snd_pcm_hw_params_t](http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/group___p_c_m___h_w___params.html) wrapper</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">HwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_t</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>);

<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Drop</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">HwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_free</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) }; }
}

<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">HwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">HwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">null_mut</span>();
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">p</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">HwParams</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>, <span class="ident">a</span>))
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">any</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">HwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> { <span class="ident">HwParams</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>).<span class="ident">and_then</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">p</span><span class="op">|</span>
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_any</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">p</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">p</span>)
    )}

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_rate_resample</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">bool</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">!=</span> <span class="number">0</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_rate_resample</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">resample</span>: <span class="ident">bool</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">resample</span> {<span class="number">1</span>} <span class="kw">else</span> {<span class="number">0</span>})).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_channels_near</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">u32</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_uint</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">r</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_channels</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_uint</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_channels</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">u32</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">u32</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_rate_near</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span>, <span class="ident">dir</span>: <span class="ident">ValueOr</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">u32</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">dir</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_int</span>;
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_uint</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">r</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_rate</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span>, <span class="ident">dir</span>: <span class="ident">ValueOr</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_uint</span>, <span class="ident">dir</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_int</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_rate</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">u32</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> (<span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>, <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span>) <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">0</span>);
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">u32</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_format</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Format</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_int</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_format</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Format</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>))
            .<span class="ident">and_then</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">from_c_int</span>(<span class="ident">v</span>, <span class="string">&quot;snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format&quot;</span>))
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_access</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Access</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_uint</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_access</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Access</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>))
            .<span class="ident">and_then</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">Access</span>::<span class="ident">from_c_int</span>(<span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_int</span>, <span class="string">&quot;snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access&quot;</span>))
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_period_size_near</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Frames</span>, <span class="ident">dir</span>: <span class="ident">ValueOr</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Frames</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">dir</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_int</span>;
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_period_size</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Frames</span>, <span class="ident">dir</span>: <span class="ident">ValueOr</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>, <span class="ident">dir</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_int</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_period_size</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Frames</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> (<span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>, <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span>) <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">0</span>);
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_periods</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">u32</span>, <span class="ident">dir</span>: <span class="ident">ValueOr</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_uint</span>, <span class="ident">dir</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_int</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_periods</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">u32</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> (<span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>, <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span>) <span class="op">=</span> (<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">0</span>);
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">d</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">u32</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_buffer_size_near</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Frames</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Frames</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_buffer_size</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Frames</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_buffer_size</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Frames</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">dump</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">o</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">Output</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_dump</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">output_handle</span>(<span class="ident">o</span>))).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">copy_from</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">HwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>) {
        <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">other</span>.<span class="number">1</span>;
        <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_hw_params_copy</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) };
    }
}

<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Clone</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">HwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">clone</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">HwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">r</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">HwParams</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
        <span class="ident">r</span>.<span class="ident">copy_from</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>);
        <span class="ident">r</span>
    }
}

<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">HwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
        <span class="macro">write</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>,
           <span class="string">&quot;HwParams(channels: {:?}, rate: {:?} Hz, format: {:?}, access: {:?}, period size: {:?} frames, buffer size: {:?} frames)&quot;</span>,
           <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_channels</span>(), <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_rate</span>(), <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_format</span>(), <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_access</span>(), <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_period_size</span>(), <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_buffer_size</span>())
    }
}

<span class="doccomment">/// [snd_pcm_sw_params_t](http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/group___p_c_m___s_w___params.html) wrapper</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">SwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_t</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>);

<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Drop</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">SwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_free</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) }; }
}

<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">SwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {

    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="ident">a</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">SwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">p</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">null_mut</span>();
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_malloc</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">p</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">SwParams</span>(<span class="ident">p</span>, <span class="ident">a</span>))
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_avail_min</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Frames</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_avail_min</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Frames</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_get_avail_min</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_start_threshold</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Frames</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_start_threshold</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Frames</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_get_start_threshold</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_stop_threshold</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Frames</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_uframes_t</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_stop_threshold</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Frames</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_get_stop_threshold</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">set_tstamp_mode</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">bool</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">z</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">v</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">SND_PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE</span> } <span class="kw">else</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">SND_PCM_TSTAMP_NONE</span> };
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_set_tstamp_mode</span>((<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">z</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_tstamp_mode</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">bool</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_get_tstamp_mode</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>)).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">v</span> <span class="op">!=</span> <span class="number">0</span>)
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">dump</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">o</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">Output</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_sw_params_dump</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">output_handle</span>(<span class="ident">o</span>))).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }
}

<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">SwParams</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
        <span class="macro">write</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>,
           <span class="string">&quot;SwParams(avail_min: {:?} frames, start_threshold: {:?} frames, stop_threshold: {:?} frames)&quot;</span>,
           <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_avail_min</span>(), <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_start_threshold</span>(), <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">get_stop_threshold</span>())
    }
}

<span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">STATUS_SIZE</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">152</span>;

<span class="doccomment">/// [snd_pcm_status_t](http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/group___p_c_m___status.html) wrapper</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">Status</span>([<span class="ident">u8</span>; <span class="ident">STATUS_SIZE</span>]);

<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Status</span> {
    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">new</span>() <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Status</span> {
        <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_sizeof</span>() } <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span> <span class="op">&lt;=</span> <span class="ident">STATUS_SIZE</span>);
        <span class="ident">Status</span>([<span class="number">0</span>; <span class="ident">STATUS_SIZE</span>])
    }

    <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_t</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> _ <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_t</span> }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_htstamp</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">timespec</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">h</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">timespec</span> {<span class="ident">tv_sec</span>: <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">tv_nsec</span>: <span class="number">0</span>};
        <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_get_htstamp</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">ptr</span>(), <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">h</span>) };
        <span class="ident">h</span>
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_trigger_htstamp</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">timespec</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">h</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">timespec</span> {<span class="ident">tv_sec</span>: <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">tv_nsec</span>: <span class="number">0</span>};
        <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_get_trigger_htstamp</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">ptr</span>(), <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">h</span>) };
        <span class="ident">h</span>
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_audio_htstamp</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">timespec</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">h</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">timespec</span> {<span class="ident">tv_sec</span>: <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">tv_nsec</span>: <span class="number">0</span>};
        <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_get_audio_htstamp</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">ptr</span>(), <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">h</span>) };
        <span class="ident">h</span>
    }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_state</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">State</span> { <span class="ident">State</span>::<span class="ident">from_c_int</span>(
        <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_get_state</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">ptr</span>()) } <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">c_int</span>, <span class="string">&quot;snd_pcm_status_get_state&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>() }

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_avail</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span> { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_get_avail</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">ptr</span>()) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span> }}
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_delay</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span> { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_get_delay</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">ptr</span>()) }}
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_avail_max</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span> { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_get_avail_max</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">ptr</span>()) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span> }}
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">get_overrange</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span> { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_get_overrange</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">ptr</span>()) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">Frames</span> }}

    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">dump</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">o</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">Output</span>) <span class="op">-&gt;</span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>()<span class="op">&gt;</span> {
        <span class="macro">acheck</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_dump</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">ptr</span>(), <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">output_handle</span>(<span class="ident">o</span>))).<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span>_<span class="op">|</span> ())
    }
}

<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">info_from_default</span>() {
    <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">ffi</span>::<span class="ident">CString</span>;
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">pcm</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>::<span class="ident">open</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="string">&quot;default&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(), <span class="ident">Direction</span>::<span class="ident">Capture</span>, <span class="bool-val">false</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">info</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">info</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;PCM Info:&quot;</span>);
    <span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;\tCard: {}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">info</span>.<span class="ident">get_card</span>());
    <span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;\tDevice: {}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">info</span>.<span class="ident">get_device</span>());
    <span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;\tSubdevice: {}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">info</span>.<span class="ident">get_subdevice</span>());
    <span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;\tId: {}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">info</span>.<span class="ident">get_id</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>());
    <span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;\tName: {}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">info</span>.<span class="ident">get_name</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>());
    <span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;\tSubdevice Name: {}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">info</span>.<span class="ident">get_subdevice_name</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>());
}

<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drop</span>() {
    <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">ffi</span>::<span class="ident">CString</span>;
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">pcm</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>::<span class="ident">open</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="string">&quot;default&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(), <span class="ident">Direction</span>::<span class="ident">Capture</span>, <span class="bool-val">false</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="comment">// Verify that this does not cause a naming conflict (issue #14)</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> _ <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">drop</span>();
}

<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">record_from_default</span>() {
    <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">ffi</span>::<span class="ident">CString</span>;
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">pcm</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>::<span class="ident">open</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="string">&quot;default&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(), <span class="ident">Direction</span>::<span class="ident">Capture</span>, <span class="bool-val">false</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">hwp</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">HwParams</span>::<span class="ident">any</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">pcm</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">hwp</span>.<span class="ident">set_channels</span>(<span class="number">2</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">hwp</span>.<span class="ident">set_rate</span>(<span class="number">44100</span>, <span class="ident">ValueOr</span>::<span class="ident">Nearest</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">hwp</span>.<span class="ident">set_format</span>(<span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">s16</span>()).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">hwp</span>.<span class="ident">set_access</span>(<span class="ident">Access</span>::<span class="ident">RWInterleaved</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">hw_params</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">hwp</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">start</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buf</span> <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="number">0i16</span>; <span class="number">1024</span>];
    <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">io_i16</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>().<span class="ident">readi</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buf</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(), <span class="number">1024</span><span class="op">/</span><span class="number">2</span>);
}

<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">playback_to_default</span>() {
    <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">ffi</span>::<span class="ident">CString</span>;
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">pcm</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">PCM</span>::<span class="ident">open</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="string">&quot;default&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(), <span class="ident">Direction</span>::<span class="ident">Playback</span>, <span class="bool-val">false</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">hwp</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">HwParams</span>::<span class="ident">any</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">pcm</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">hwp</span>.<span class="ident">set_channels</span>(<span class="number">1</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">hwp</span>.<span class="ident">set_rate</span>(<span class="number">44100</span>, <span class="ident">ValueOr</span>::<span class="ident">Nearest</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">hwp</span>.<span class="ident">set_format</span>(<span class="ident">Format</span>::<span class="ident">s16</span>()).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">hwp</span>.<span class="ident">set_access</span>(<span class="ident">Access</span>::<span class="ident">RWInterleaved</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">hw_params</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">hwp</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();

    <span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;PCM status: {:?}, {:?}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">state</span>(), <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">hw_params_current</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>());
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">outp</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Output</span>::<span class="ident">buffer_open</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">dump</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">outp</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;== PCM dump ==\n{}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">outp</span>);

    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">buf</span> <span class="op">=</span> [<span class="number">0i16</span>; <span class="number">1024</span>];
    <span class="kw">for</span> (<span class="ident">i</span>, <span class="ident">a</span>) <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="ident">buf</span>.<span class="ident">iter_mut</span>().<span class="ident">enumerate</span>() {
        <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">a</span> <span class="op">=</span> ((<span class="ident">i</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">f32</span> <span class="op">*</span> <span class="number">2.0</span> <span class="op">*</span> ::<span class="ident">std</span>::<span class="ident">f32</span>::<span class="ident">consts</span>::<span class="ident">PI</span> <span class="op">/</span> <span class="number">128.0</span>).<span class="ident">sin</span>() <span class="op">*</span> <span class="number">8192.0</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">i16</span>
    }
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">io</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">io_i16</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="kw">for</span> _ <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">2</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="number">44100</span><span class="op">/</span><span class="number">1024</span> { <span class="comment">// 2 seconds of playback</span>
        <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">io</span>.<span class="ident">writei</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">buf</span>[..]).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(), <span class="number">1024</span>);
    }
    <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">state</span>() <span class="op">!=</span> <span class="ident">State</span>::<span class="ident">Running</span> { <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">start</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>() };

    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">outp2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Output</span>::<span class="ident">buffer_open</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">status</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>().<span class="ident">dump</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">outp2</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
    <span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;== PCM status dump ==\n{}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">outp2</span>);

    <span class="ident">pcm</span>.<span class="ident">drain</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
}

<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">print_sizeof</span>() {
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">alsa</span>::<span class="ident">snd_pcm_status_sizeof</span>() } <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span>;
    <span class="macro">println</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Status size: {}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">s</span>);

    <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">&lt;=</span> <span class="ident">STATUS_SIZE</span>);
}
</pre>
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