Update dependencies and fix build

Fixes #8

.gitignore

@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ target
 Cargo.lock
 *.bk
 *~
+core

.travis.yml

@@ -7,25 +7,30 @@ rust:
 - stable
 addons:
   apt:
-    sources:
-    - sourceline: 'ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging'
-    - sourceline: 'ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3'
     packages:
     - libasound2-dev
     - libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev
     - libglib2.0-dev
     - libgtk-3-dev
     - libnotify-dev
-    - libpng-dev
     - libx11-dev
     - pkg-config
+    # for build.sh
+    - gperf
+    - libegl1-mesa-dev
+    - libfreetype6-dev
+    - libmount-dev
+    - libpng-dev
+    - libxml-parser-perl
+    - libxtst-dev
+    - xutils-dev
 before_script:
 - |
   pip install 'travis-cargo<0.2' --user &&
   export PATH=$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH
 script:
 - |
-  travis-cargo build
+  ./.travis/build.sh
   # travis-cargo test &&
   # travis-cargo --only stable doc
 # after_success:

.travis/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+set -x
+set -e
+
+BUNDLE="gtk-3.18.1-2"
+WD="$PWD"
+cd "$HOME"
+git clone https://github.com/gkoz/gtk-bootstrap.git
+cd gtk-bootstrap
+./bootstrap.sh "$WD/.travis/manifest.txt"
+cd "$WD"
+export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$HOME/local/lib/pkgconfig"
+
+travis-cargo build

.travis/manifest.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+https://dbus.freedesktop.org/releases/dbus/dbus-1.11.14.tar.gz
+https://launchpad.net/intltool/trunk/0.51.0/+download/intltool-0.51.0.tar.gz
+https://github.com/anholt/libepoxy/releases/download/1.4.3/libepoxy-1.4.3.tar.xz
+https://www.freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/release/fontconfig-2.12.4.tar.gz
+https://www.freedesktop.org/software/harfbuzz/release/harfbuzz-1.4.6.tar.bz2
+https://download.gnome.org/sources/glib/2.53/glib-2.53.3.tar.xz
+https://download.gnome.org/sources/atk/2.25/atk-2.25.2.tar.xz
+https://download.gnome.org/sources/at-spi2-core/2.25/at-spi2-core-2.25.4.tar.xz
+https://download.gnome.org/sources/at-spi2-atk/2.25/at-spi2-atk-2.25.3.tar.xz
+https://www.cairographics.org/releases/cairo-1.14.10.tar.xz
+https://download.gnome.org/sources/pango/1.40/pango-1.40.6.tar.xz
+https://download.gnome.org/sources/gdk-pixbuf/2.36/gdk-pixbuf-2.36.6.tar.xz
+https://download.gnome.org/sources/gtk+/3.22/gtk+-3.22.16.tar.xz

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,61 +1,83 @@
 [package]
-name = "pnmixer-rs"
-version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["Julian Ospald <hasufell@posteo.de>"]
-
+categories = [ "multimedia::audio" ]
-[lib]
+description = "Volume mixer for the system tray"
-name = "pnmixerlib"
+documentation = "https://hasufell.github.io/pnmixer-rust/pnmixerlib/"
-path = "src/lib.rs"
+homepage = "https://github.com/hasufell/pnmixer-rust"
-doc = true
+keywords = [ "alsa", "gtk", "mixer" ]
+license = "GPL-3.0"
+name = "pnmixer-rs"
+readme = "README.md"
+repository = "https://github.com/hasufell/pnmixer-rust"
+version = "0.1.2"
 
 [[bin]]
+doc = false
 name = "pnmixer-rs"
 path = "src/bin.rs"
-doc = false
 
 [dependencies]
-alsa = "^0.1.8"
+alsa = "0.2.0"
-alsa-sys = "^0.1.1"
+alsa-sys = "0.1.1"
-error-chain = { git = "https://github.com/hasufell/error-chain.git", branch = "PR-from-error" }
+error-chain = "0.11.0"
-ffi = "^0.0.2"
+ffi = "0.0.2"
-flexi_logger = "^0.5.1"
+flexi_logger = "0.6.11"
-gdk-pixbuf = { git = "https://github.com/gtk-rs/gdk-pixbuf.git" }
+gdk-pixbuf = "0.3.0"
-gdk-pixbuf-sys = { git = "https://github.com/gtk-rs/sys" }
+gdk-pixbuf-sys = "0.5.0"
-gdk-sys = { git = "https://github.com/gtk-rs/sys" }
+gdk-sys = "0.5.0"
-gio = { git = "https://github.com/gtk-rs/gio.git" }
+getopts = "0.2.17"
-glib = { git = "https://github.com/gtk-rs/glib.git" }
+gio = "0.3.0"
-glib-sys = { git = "https://github.com/gtk-rs/sys" }
+glib = "0.4.1"
-gobject-sys = { git = "https://github.com/gtk-rs/sys" }
+glib-sys = "0.5.0"
-gtk-sys = { git = "https://github.com/gtk-rs/sys" }
+gobject-sys = "0.5.0"
-libc = "^0.2.23"
+gtk-sys = "0.5.0"
-log = "^0.3.8"
+lazy_static = "1.0.0"
-serde = "^1.0.9"
+libc = "0.2.36"
-serde_derive = "^1.0.9"
+libnotify = { version = "1.0.2", optional = true }
-toml = "^0.4.2"
+log = "0.4.1"
-which = "*"
+png = "0.11.0"
-xdg = "*"
+serde = "1.0.27"
-libnotify = { git = "https://github.com/hasufell/rust-libnotify.git", branch = "git-deps", optional = true }
+serde_derive = "1.0.27"
-png = "^0.9.0"
+toml = "0.4.5"
-
+w_result = "0.1.2"
-[dependencies.gtk]
+which = "1.0.3"
-git = "https://github.com/gtk-rs/gtk.git"
+xdg = "2.1.0"
-features = [ "v3_10", "v3_12", "v3_22" ]
 
 [dependencies.gdk]
-git = "https://github.com/gtk-rs/gdk.git"
+features = [
-features = [ "v3_10", "v3_12", "v3_22" ]
+    "v3_10",
+    "v3_12",
+    "v3_22",
+]
+version = "0.7.0"
 
-[profile.dev]
+[dependencies.gtk]
-opt-level = 0      # controls the `--opt-level` the compiler builds with
+features = [
-debug = true       # controls whether the compiler passes `-C debuginfo`
+    "v3_10",
-                   # a value of `true` is equivalent to `2`
+    "v3_12",
-rpath = false      # controls whether the compiler passes `-C rpath`
+    "v3_22",
-lto = false        # controls `-C lto` for binaries and staticlibs
+]
-debug-assertions = false # controls whether debug assertions are enabled
+version = "0.3.0"
-codegen-units = 1  # controls whether the compiler passes `-C codegen-units`
-                   # `codegen-units` is ignored when `lto = true`
-panic = 'unwind'   # panic strategy (`-C panic=...`), can also be 'abort'
 
+[dependencies.x11]
+features = [
+    "xlib",
+    "xtst",
+]
+version = "2.17.2"
 
 [features]
 notify = ["libnotify"]
+
+[lib]
+doc = true
+name = "pnmixerlib"
+path = "src/lib.rs"
+[profile.dev]
+codegen-units = 1
+debug = true
+debug-assertions = false
+lto = false
+opt-level = 0
+panic = "unwind"
+rpath = false

README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+[![Latest Version](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/pnmixer-rs.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/pnmixer-rs)
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/hasufell/pnmixer-rust.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/hasufell/pnmixer-rust)
 [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/hasufell/pnmixer-rust](https://badges.gitter.im/hasufell/pnmixer-rust.svg)](https://gitter.im/hasufell/pnmixer-rust?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 [![Documentation (master)](https://img.shields.io/badge/documentation-master-yellow.svg)](https://hasufell.github.io/pnmixer-rust/pnmixerlib/)
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ the cloned repository:
 cargo install
 ```
 
-Features
+Features/Differences
 --------
 
 Additonal features compared to [nicklan/pnmixer](https://github.com/nicklan/pnmixer):
@@ -40,17 +41,16 @@ Removed features:
 * normalize volume
 * slider orientation of volume popup
 * settings for displaying text volume on volume popup
+* gtk+:2 support
 
-Behavior
+Differences:
---------
-
-Pretty much the same. Differences are:
 
 * volume slider is shown even when volume is muted
 
 TODO
 ----
 
-- [ ] [hotkey support](https://github.com/hasufell/pnmixer-rust/issues/5)
+- [x] [hotkey support](https://github.com/hasufell/pnmixer-rust/issues/5)
 - [ ] [translation](https://github.com/hasufell/pnmixer-rust/issues/4)
 - [X] [documentation](https://github.com/hasufell/pnmixer-rust/issues/3)
+- [ ] [PulseAudio support](https://github.com/hasufell/pnmixer-rust/issues/11)

data/ui/hotkey-dialog.glade

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- Generated with glade 3.18.3 -->
+<interface>
+  <requires lib="gtk+" version="3.12"/>
+  <object class="GtkDialog" id="hotkey_dialog">
+    <property name="width_request">300</property>
+    <property name="height_request">200</property>
+    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+    <property name="border_width">5</property>
+    <property name="title">Set xxx HotKey</property>
+    <property name="modal">True</property>
+    <property name="destroy_with_parent">True</property>
+    <property name="icon_name">input-keyboard</property>
+    <property name="type_hint">dialog</property>
+    <child internal-child="vbox">
+      <object class="GtkBox" id="dialog-vbox1">
+        <property name="visible">True</property>
+        <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+        <property name="spacing">2</property>
+        <child internal-child="action_area">
+          <object class="GtkButtonBox" id="dialog-action_area1">
+            <property name="visible">True</property>
+            <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+            <property name="layout_style">end</property>
+            <child>
+              <object class="GtkButton" id="button1">
+                <property name="use_action_appearance">False</property>
+                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                <property name="can_focus">True</property>
+                <property name="receives_default">True</property>
+                <child>
+                  <object class="GtkBox" id="box4">
+                    <property name="visible">True</property>
+                    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                    <property name="halign">center</property>
+                    <child>
+                      <object class="GtkImage" id="image4">
+                        <property name="visible">True</property>
+                        <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                        <property name="icon_name">gtk-cancel</property>
+                      </object>
+                      <packing>
+                        <property name="expand">False</property>
+                        <property name="fill">True</property>
+                        <property name="position">0</property>
+                      </packing>
+                    </child>
+                    <child>
+                      <object class="GtkLabel" id="label2">
+                        <property name="visible">True</property>
+                        <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                        <property name="margin_start">5</property>
+                        <property name="label" translatable="yes">Cancel</property>
+                      </object>
+                      <packing>
+                        <property name="expand">False</property>
+                        <property name="fill">True</property>
+                        <property name="position">1</property>
+                      </packing>
+                    </child>
+                  </object>
+                </child>
+              </object>
+              <packing>
+                <property name="expand">False</property>
+                <property name="fill">False</property>
+                <property name="position">0</property>
+              </packing>
+            </child>
+          </object>
+          <packing>
+            <property name="expand">False</property>
+            <property name="fill">True</property>
+            <property name="pack_type">end</property>
+            <property name="position">3</property>
+          </packing>
+        </child>
+        <child>
+          <object class="GtkBox" id="hbox1">
+            <property name="visible">True</property>
+            <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+            <child>
+              <object class="GtkImage" id="image1">
+                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                <property name="margin_start">10</property>
+                <property name="margin_end">10</property>
+                <property name="pixel_size">57</property>
+                <property name="icon_name">input-keyboard</property>
+                <property name="icon_size">3</property>
+              </object>
+              <packing>
+                <property name="expand">False</property>
+                <property name="fill">False</property>
+                <property name="position">0</property>
+              </packing>
+            </child>
+            <child>
+              <object class="GtkBox" id="vbox1">
+                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                <property name="orientation">vertical</property>
+                <child>
+                  <object class="GtkLabel" id="label1">
+                    <property name="visible">True</property>
+                    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                    <property name="label" translatable="yes">Defining HotKey</property>
+                    <attributes>
+                      <attribute name="weight" value="bold"/>
+                    </attributes>
+                  </object>
+                  <packing>
+                    <property name="expand">True</property>
+                    <property name="fill">True</property>
+                    <property name="position">0</property>
+                  </packing>
+                </child>
+                <child>
+                  <object class="GtkLabel" id="hotkey_reset_label">
+                    <property name="visible">True</property>
+                    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                    <property name="label" translatable="yes">(press &lt;Ctrl&gt;C to reset)</property>
+                  </object>
+                  <packing>
+                    <property name="expand">True</property>
+                    <property name="fill">True</property>
+                    <property name="position">1</property>
+                  </packing>
+                </child>
+              </object>
+              <packing>
+                <property name="expand">True</property>
+                <property name="fill">True</property>
+                <property name="position">1</property>
+              </packing>
+            </child>
+          </object>
+          <packing>
+            <property name="expand">False</property>
+            <property name="fill">True</property>
+            <property name="position">0</property>
+          </packing>
+        </child>
+        <child>
+          <object class="GtkHSeparator" id="hseparator1">
+            <property name="visible">True</property>
+            <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+          </object>
+          <packing>
+            <property name="expand">False</property>
+            <property name="fill">True</property>
+            <property name="position">1</property>
+          </packing>
+        </child>
+        <child>
+          <object class="GtkLabel" id="instruction_label">
+            <property name="visible">True</property>
+            <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+            <property name="label">Press new HotKey for xxx</property>
+            <property name="use_markup">True</property>
+          </object>
+          <packing>
+            <property name="expand">True</property>
+            <property name="fill">True</property>
+            <property name="position">2</property>
+          </packing>
+        </child>
+        <child>
+          <object class="GtkLabel" id="key_pressed_label">
+            <property name="visible">True</property>
+            <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+            <attributes>
+              <attribute name="weight" value="bold"/>
+            </attributes>
+          </object>
+          <packing>
+            <property name="expand">True</property>
+            <property name="fill">True</property>
+            <property name="position">4</property>
+          </packing>
+        </child>
+      </object>
+    </child>
+    <action-widgets>
+      <action-widget response="0">button1</action-widget>
+    </action-widgets>
+  </object>
+</interface>

data/ui/prefs-dialog.glade

@@ -926,10 +926,229 @@
               </packing>
             </child>
             <child>
-              <placeholder/>
+              <object class="GtkBox" id="hotkeys_vbox">
+                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                <property name="valign">start</property>
+                <property name="margin_start">5</property>
+                <property name="margin_end">5</property>
+                <property name="margin_top">5</property>
+                <property name="margin_bottom">5</property>
+                <property name="orientation">vertical</property>
+                <child>
+                  <object class="GtkFrame" id="frame8">
+                    <property name="visible">True</property>
+                    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                    <property name="label_xalign">0</property>
+                    <property name="shadow_type">none</property>
+                    <child>
+                      <object class="GtkBox" id="vbox6">
+                        <property name="visible">True</property>
+                        <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                        <property name="margin_start">12</property>
+                        <property name="orientation">vertical</property>
+                        <child>
+                          <object class="GtkCheckButton" id="hotkeys_enable_check">
+                            <property name="label" translatable="yes">Enable HotKeys</property>
+                            <property name="use_action_appearance">False</property>
+                            <property name="visible">True</property>
+                            <property name="can_focus">True</property>
+                            <property name="receives_default">False</property>
+                            <property name="halign">start</property>
+                            <property name="draw_indicator">True</property>
+                          </object>
+                          <packing>
+                            <property name="expand">False</property>
+                            <property name="fill">False</property>
+                            <property name="padding">5</property>
+                            <property name="position">0</property>
+                          </packing>
+                        </child>
+                        <child>
+                          <object class="GtkGrid" id="hotkeys_grid">
+                            <property name="visible">True</property>
+                            <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                            <property name="row_spacing">12</property>
+                            <property name="column_spacing">12</property>
+                            <property name="column_homogeneous">True</property>
+                            <child>
+                              <object class="GtkLabel" id="label20">
+                                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                <property name="halign">start</property>
+                                <property name="label" translatable="yes">Command</property>
+                                <attributes>
+                                  <attribute name="weight" value="bold"/>
+                                </attributes>
+                              </object>
+                              <packing>
+                                <property name="left_attach">0</property>
+                                <property name="top_attach">0</property>
+                              </packing>
+                            </child>
+                            <child>
+                              <object class="GtkLabel" id="label7">
+                                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                <property name="halign">start</property>
+                                <property name="label" translatable="yes">Mute/Unmute:</property>
+                              </object>
+                              <packing>
+                                <property name="left_attach">0</property>
+                                <property name="top_attach">1</property>
+                              </packing>
+                            </child>
+                            <child>
+                              <object class="GtkLabel" id="label8">
+                                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                <property name="halign">start</property>
+                                <property name="label" translatable="yes">Volume Up:</property>
+                              </object>
+                              <packing>
+                                <property name="left_attach">0</property>
+                                <property name="top_attach">2</property>
+                              </packing>
+                            </child>
+                            <child>
+                              <object class="GtkLabel" id="label18">
+                                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                <property name="halign">start</property>
+                                <property name="label" translatable="yes">Volume Down:</property>
+                              </object>
+                              <packing>
+                                <property name="left_attach">0</property>
+                                <property name="top_attach">3</property>
+                              </packing>
+                            </child>
+                            <child>
+                              <object class="GtkLabel" id="label21">
+                                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                <property name="label" translatable="yes">HotKey</property>
+                                <attributes>
+                                  <attribute name="weight" value="bold"/>
+                                </attributes>
+                              </object>
+                              <packing>
+                                <property name="left_attach">1</property>
+                                <property name="top_attach">0</property>
+                              </packing>
+                            </child>
+                            <child>
+                              <object class="GtkEventBox" id="hotkeys_mute_eventbox">
+                                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                <child>
+                                  <object class="GtkLabel" id="hotkeys_mute_label">
+                                    <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                    <property name="label" translatable="yes">(None)</property>
+                                    <attributes>
+                                      <attribute name="weight" value="bold"/>
+                                    </attributes>
+                                  </object>
+                                </child>
+                              </object>
+                              <packing>
+                                <property name="left_attach">1</property>
+                                <property name="top_attach">1</property>
+                              </packing>
+                            </child>
+                            <child>
+                              <object class="GtkEventBox" id="hotkeys_up_eventbox">
+                                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                <child>
+                                  <object class="GtkLabel" id="hotkeys_up_label">
+                                    <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                    <property name="label" translatable="yes">(None)</property>
+                                    <attributes>
+                                      <attribute name="weight" value="bold"/>
+                                    </attributes>
+                                  </object>
+                                </child>
+                              </object>
+                              <packing>
+                                <property name="left_attach">1</property>
+                                <property name="top_attach">2</property>
+                              </packing>
+                            </child>
+                            <child>
+                              <object class="GtkEventBox" id="hotkeys_down_eventbox">
+                                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                <child>
+                                  <object class="GtkLabel" id="hotkeys_down_label">
+                                    <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                    <property name="label" translatable="yes">(None)</property>
+                                    <attributes>
+                                      <attribute name="weight" value="bold"/>
+                                    </attributes>
+                                  </object>
+                                </child>
+                              </object>
+                              <packing>
+                                <property name="left_attach">1</property>
+                                <property name="top_attach">3</property>
+                              </packing>
+                            </child>
+                            <child>
+                              <object class="GtkLabel" id="label19">
+                                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                                <property name="label" translatable="yes">Double-click a HotKey to assign a new HotKey</property>
+                              </object>
+                              <packing>
+                                <property name="left_attach">0</property>
+                                <property name="top_attach">4</property>
+                                <property name="width">2</property>
+                              </packing>
+                            </child>
+                          </object>
+                          <packing>
+                            <property name="expand">False</property>
+                            <property name="fill">True</property>
+                            <property name="position">1</property>
+                          </packing>
+                        </child>
+                      </object>
+                    </child>
+                    <child type="label">
+                      <object class="GtkLabel" id="label24">
+                        <property name="visible">True</property>
+                        <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                        <property name="margin_bottom">5</property>
+                        <property name="label" translatable="yes">&lt;b&gt;HotKey Settings&lt;/b&gt;</property>
+                        <property name="use_markup">True</property>
+                      </object>
+                    </child>
+                  </object>
+                  <packing>
+                    <property name="expand">False</property>
+                    <property name="fill">False</property>
+                    <property name="padding">5</property>
+                    <property name="position">0</property>
+                  </packing>
+                </child>
+              </object>
+              <packing>
+                <property name="position">3</property>
+              </packing>
             </child>
             <child type="tab">
-              <placeholder/>
+              <object class="GtkLabel" id="hotkeys_label">
+                <property name="visible">True</property>
+                <property name="can_focus">False</property>
+                <property name="label" translatable="yes">HotKeys</property>
+              </object>
+              <packing>
+                <property name="position">3</property>
+                <property name="tab_fill">False</property>
+              </packing>
             </child>
           </object>
           <packing>

src/app_state.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 //! Global application state.
 
 
-use audio::{Audio, AudioUser};
+use audio::alsa::backend::*;
+use audio::frontend::*;
 use errors::*;
 use gtk;
+use hotkeys::Hotkeys;
 use prefs::*;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
-use support_audio::*;
+use std::rc::Rc;
-use ui_entry::Gui;
+use support::audio::*;
+use ui::entry::Gui;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
 use notif::*;
@@ -16,53 +19,80 @@ use notif::*;
 
 // TODO: destructors
 /// The global application state struct.
-pub struct AppS {
+pub struct AppS<T>
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
     _cant_construct: (),
     /// Mostly static GUI state.
     pub gui: Gui,
     /// Audio state.
-    pub audio: Audio,
+    pub audio: Rc<T>,
     /// Preferences state.
     pub prefs: RefCell<Prefs>,
     #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-    /// Notification state.
+    /// Notification state. In case of initialization failure, this
-    pub notif: Notif,
+    /// is set to `None`.
+    pub notif: Option<Notif>,
+    /// Hotkey state.
+    pub hotkeys: RefCell<Box<Hotkeys<T>>>, // Gets an Rc to Audio.
 }
 
 
-impl AppS {
+/// Create a new application state using the `AlsaBackend`.
+pub fn new_alsa_appstate() -> AppS<AlsaBackend> {
+    let prefs = RefCell::new(unwrap_error!(Prefs::new(), None));
+
+    let card_name = prefs.borrow().device_prefs.card.clone();
+    let chan_name = prefs.borrow().device_prefs.channel.clone();
+    let audio = Rc::new(unwrap_error!(
+        AlsaBackend::new(Some(card_name), Some(chan_name)),
+        None
+    ));
+    return AppS::new(prefs, audio);
+}
+
+
+impl<T> AppS<T>
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
     /// Create an application state instance. There should really only be one.
-    pub fn new() -> AppS {
+    pub fn new(prefs: RefCell<Prefs>, audio: Rc<T>) -> Self {
         let builder_popup_window =
-            gtk::Builder::new_from_string(include_str!(concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+            gtk::Builder::new_from_string(include_str!(concat!(
-                                                               "/data/ui/popup-window.glade")));
+                env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+                "/data/ui/popup-window.glade"
+            )));
         let builder_popup_menu =
-            gtk::Builder::new_from_string(include_str!(concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+            gtk::Builder::new_from_string(include_str!(concat!(
-                                                               "/data/ui/popup-menu.glade")));
+                env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
-        let prefs = RefCell::new(Prefs::new().unwrap());
+                "/data/ui/popup-menu.glade"
+            )));
+
+
+        // TODO: better error handling
+        #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+        let notif = result_warn!(Notif::new(&prefs.borrow()), None).ok();
+
+        let hotkeys =
+            unwrap_error!(
+                wresult_warn!(Hotkeys::new(&prefs.borrow(), audio.clone()), None),
+                None
+            );
+
         let gui =
             Gui::new(builder_popup_window, builder_popup_menu, &prefs.borrow());
 
-        let card_name = prefs.borrow()
-            .device_prefs
-            .card
-            .clone();
-        let chan_name = prefs.borrow()
-            .device_prefs
-            .channel
-            .clone();
-        // TODO: better error handling
-        #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-        let notif = Notif::new(&prefs.borrow()).unwrap();
-
         return AppS {
-                   _cant_construct: (),
+            _cant_construct: (),
-                   gui,
+            gui,
-                   audio: Audio::new(Some(card_name), Some(chan_name)).unwrap(),
+            audio,
-                   prefs,
+            prefs,
-                   #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-                   notif,
+            notif,
-               };
+            hotkeys: RefCell::new(hotkeys),
+        };
     }
 
 
@@ -71,32 +101,37 @@ impl AppS {
     /// Update the tray icon state.
     pub fn update_tray_icon(&self) -> Result<()> {
         debug!("Update tray icon!");
-        return self.gui.tray_icon.update_all(&self.prefs.borrow(),
+        return self.gui.tray_icon.update_all(
-                                             &self.audio,
+            &self.prefs.borrow(),
-                                             None);
+            self.audio.as_ref(),
+            None,
+        );
     }
 
     /// Update the Popup Window state.
     pub fn update_popup_window(&self) -> Result<()> {
         debug!("Update PopupWindow!");
-        return self.gui.popup_window.update(&self.audio);
+        return self.gui.popup_window.update(self.audio.as_ref());
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
     /// Update the notification state.
-    pub fn update_notify(&self) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn update_notify(&self) {
-        return self.notif.reload(&self.prefs.borrow());
+        match self.notif {
+            Some(ref n) => n.reload(&self.prefs.borrow()),
+            None => {
+                warn!("Notification system not unitialized, skipping update")
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     #[cfg(not(feature = "notify"))]
     /// Update the notification state.
-    pub fn update_notify(&self) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn update_notify(&self) {}
-        return Ok(());
-    }
 
     /// Update the audio state.
     pub fn update_audio(&self, user: AudioUser) -> Result<()> {
-        return audio_reload(&self.audio, &self.prefs.borrow(), user);
+        return audio_reload(self.audio.as_ref(), &self.prefs.borrow(), user);
     }
 
     /// Update the config file.
@@ -104,4 +139,10 @@ impl AppS {
         let prefs = self.prefs.borrow_mut();
         return prefs.store_config();
     }
+
+    /// Update hotkey state.
+    pub fn update_hotkeys(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let prefs = self.prefs.borrow();
+        return self.hotkeys.borrow_mut().reload(&prefs);
+    }
 }

src/audio.rs

@@ -1,448 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(missing_docs)] // enums
-
-//! High-level audio subsystem.
-//!
-//! This is the middleman between the low-level audio backend (alsa),
-//! and the high-level ui code.
-//! This abstraction layer allows the high-level code to be completely unaware
-//! of the underlying audio implementation, may it be alsa or whatever.
-
-
-use alsa_card::*;
-use errors::*;
-use glib;
-use std::cell::Cell;
-use std::cell::Ref;
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::f64;
-use std::rc::Rc;
-use support_alsa::*;
-use support_audio::*;
-
-
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-/// The volume level of the current audio configuration.
-pub enum VolLevel {
-    Muted,
-    Low,
-    Medium,
-    High,
-    Off,
-}
-
-
-/// An audio user, used to determine from where a signal originated.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub enum AudioUser {
-    Unknown,
-    Popup,
-    TrayIcon,
-    Hotkeys,
-    PrefsWindow,
-}
-
-
-/// An audio signal. This will be used to connect callbacks to the
-/// audio system and react appropriately.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub enum AudioSignal {
-    NoCard,
-    CardInitialized,
-    CardCleanedUp,
-    CardDisconnected,
-    CardError,
-    ValuesChanged,
-}
-
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-/// Convenience struct to make handling this madness easier.
-pub struct Handlers {
-    inner: Rc<RefCell<Vec<Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>>>>,
-}
-
-
-impl Handlers {
-    fn new() -> Handlers {
-        return Handlers { inner: Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![])) };
-    }
-
-
-    fn borrow(&self) -> Ref<Vec<Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>>> {
-        return self.inner.borrow();
-    }
-
-
-    fn add_handler(&self, cb: Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>) {
-        self.inner.borrow_mut().push(cb);
-    }
-}
-
-
-/// High-level Audio struct, which could theoretically be backend
-/// agnostic.
-pub struct Audio {
-    _cannot_construct: (),
-    /// The alsa card.
-    pub acard: RefCell<Box<AlsaCard>>,
-    /// Last timestamp of an internal action we triggered, e.g.
-    /// by setting the volume or the mute state.
-    pub last_action_timestamp: Rc<RefCell<i64>>,
-    /// A set of handlers that react to audio signals. We can
-    /// connect to these.
-    pub handlers: Handlers,
-    /// The step at which to increase/decrease the volume.
-    /// This value is basically from the preferences.
-    pub scroll_step: Cell<u32>,
-}
-
-
-impl Audio {
-    /// Create a new Audio instance. This tries very hard to get
-    /// a working configuration from the backend.
-    /// ## `card_name`
-    /// If a card name is provided, it will be tried. If `None` is provided
-    /// or the given card name does not exist or is not playable, any other
-    /// playable card is tried.
-    /// ## `elem_name`
-    /// If an elem name is provided, it will be tried. If `None` is provided
-    /// or the given elem name does not exist or is not playable, any other
-    /// playable elem is tried.
-    ///
-    /// # Returns
-    ///
-    /// `Ok(Audio)` on success, `Err(error)` otherwise.
-    pub fn new(card_name: Option<String>,
-               elem_name: Option<String>)
-               -> Result<Audio> {
-
-        let handlers = Handlers::new();
-        let last_action_timestamp = Rc::new(RefCell::new(0));
-
-        let cb = {
-            let myhandler = handlers.clone();
-            let ts = last_action_timestamp.clone();
-            Rc::new(move |event| {
-                        on_alsa_event(&mut *ts.borrow_mut(),
-                                      &myhandler.borrow(),
-                                      event)
-                    })
-        };
-
-        let acard = AlsaCard::new(card_name, elem_name, cb);
-
-        /* additionally dispatch signals */
-        if acard.is_err() {
-            invoke_handlers(&handlers.borrow(),
-                            AudioSignal::NoCard,
-                            AudioUser::Unknown);
-        } else {
-            invoke_handlers(&handlers.borrow(),
-                            AudioSignal::CardInitialized,
-                            AudioUser::Unknown);
-        }
-
-        let audio = Audio {
-            _cannot_construct: (),
-            acard: RefCell::new(acard?),
-            last_action_timestamp: last_action_timestamp.clone(),
-            handlers: handlers.clone(),
-            scroll_step: Cell::new(5),
-        };
-
-        return Ok(audio);
-    }
-
-
-    /// Switches the current alsa card. Behaves the same way in regards to
-    /// `card_name` and `elem_name` as the `Audio::new()` method.
-    /// ## `user`
-    /// Where the card switch originates from.
-    pub fn switch_acard(&self,
-                        card_name: Option<String>,
-                        elem_name: Option<String>,
-                        user: AudioUser)
-                        -> Result<()> {
-        debug!("Switching cards");
-        debug!("Old card name: {}",
-               self.acard
-                   .borrow()
-                   .card_name()
-                   .unwrap());
-        debug!("Old chan name: {}",
-               self.acard
-                   .borrow()
-                   .chan_name()
-                   .unwrap());
-        let cb = self.acard
-            .borrow()
-            .cb
-            .clone();
-        {
-            let mut ac = self.acard.borrow_mut();
-            *ac = AlsaCard::new(card_name, elem_name, cb)?;
-        }
-
-        invoke_handlers(&self.handlers.borrow(),
-                        AudioSignal::CardInitialized,
-                        user);
-
-        return Ok(());
-    }
-
-
-    /// Current volume.
-    pub fn vol(&self) -> Result<f64> {
-        let alsa_vol = self.acard
-            .borrow()
-            .get_vol()?;
-        return vol_to_percent(alsa_vol, self.acard.borrow().get_volume_range());
-    }
-
-
-    /// Current volume level, nicely usable for e.g. selecting from a set
-    /// of images.
-    pub fn vol_level(&self) -> VolLevel {
-        let muted = self.get_mute().unwrap_or(false);
-        if muted {
-            return VolLevel::Muted;
-        }
-        let cur_vol = try_r!(self.vol(), VolLevel::Muted);
-        match cur_vol {
-            0. => return VolLevel::Off,
-            0.0...33.0 => return VolLevel::Low,
-            0.0...66.0 => return VolLevel::Medium,
-            0.0...100.0 => return VolLevel::High,
-            _ => return VolLevel::Off,
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /// Set the current volume.
-    /// ## `new_vol`
-    /// Set the volume to this value.
-    /// ## `user`
-    /// Where the card switch originates from.
-    /// ## `dir`
-    /// The "direction" of the volume change, e.g. is it a decrease
-    /// or increase. This helps with rounding problems.
-    /// ## `auto_unmute`
-    /// Whether to automatically unmute if the volume changes.
-    pub fn set_vol(&self,
-                   new_vol: f64,
-                   user: AudioUser,
-                   dir: VolDir,
-                   auto_unmute: bool)
-                   -> Result<()> {
-        {
-            let mut rc = self.last_action_timestamp.borrow_mut();
-            *rc = glib::get_monotonic_time();
-        }
-
-        let alsa_vol = percent_to_vol(new_vol,
-                                      self.acard.borrow().get_volume_range(),
-                                      dir)?;
-
-        /* only invoke handlers etc. if volume did actually change */
-        {
-            let old_alsa_vol =
-                percent_to_vol(self.vol()?,
-                               self.acard.borrow().get_volume_range(),
-                               dir)?;
-
-            if old_alsa_vol == alsa_vol {
-                return Ok(());
-            }
-        }
-
-        /* auto-unmute */
-        if auto_unmute && self.has_mute() && self.get_mute()? {
-            self.set_mute(false, user)?;
-        }
-
-        debug!("Setting vol on card {:?} and chan {:?} to {:?} by user {:?}",
-               self.acard
-                   .borrow()
-                   .card_name()
-                   .unwrap(),
-               self.acard
-                   .borrow()
-                   .chan_name()
-                   .unwrap(),
-               new_vol,
-               user);
-
-        self.acard
-            .borrow()
-            .set_vol(alsa_vol)?;
-
-        invoke_handlers(&self.handlers.borrow(),
-                        AudioSignal::ValuesChanged,
-                        user);
-        return Ok(());
-    }
-
-
-    /// Increase the volume. The step to increasy by is taken from
-    /// `self.scroll_step`.
-    /// ## `user`
-    /// Where the card switch originates from.
-    pub fn increase_vol(&self,
-                        user: AudioUser,
-                        auto_unmute: bool)
-                        -> Result<()> {
-        let old_vol = self.vol()?;
-        let new_vol = old_vol + (self.scroll_step.get() as f64);
-
-        return self.set_vol(new_vol, user, VolDir::Up, auto_unmute);
-    }
-
-
-    /// Decrease the volume. The step to decrease by is taken from
-    /// `self.scroll_step`.
-    /// ## `user`
-    /// Where the card switch originates from.
-    pub fn decrease_vol(&self,
-                        user: AudioUser,
-                        auto_unmute: bool)
-                        -> Result<()> {
-        let old_vol = self.vol()?;
-        let new_vol = old_vol - (self.scroll_step.get() as f64);
-
-        return self.set_vol(new_vol, user, VolDir::Down, auto_unmute);
-    }
-
-
-    /// Whether the current audio configuration can be muted.
-    pub fn has_mute(&self) -> bool {
-        return self.acard.borrow().has_mute();
-    }
-
-
-    /// Get the mute state of the current audio configuration.
-    pub fn get_mute(&self) -> Result<bool> {
-        return self.acard.borrow().get_mute();
-    }
-
-
-    /// Set the mute state of the current audio configuration.
-    pub fn set_mute(&self, mute: bool, user: AudioUser) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut rc = self.last_action_timestamp.borrow_mut();
-        *rc = glib::get_monotonic_time();
-
-        debug!("Setting mute to {} on card {:?} and chan {:?} by user {:?}",
-               mute,
-               self.acard
-                   .borrow()
-                   .card_name()
-                   .unwrap(),
-               self.acard
-                   .borrow()
-                   .chan_name()
-                   .unwrap(),
-               user);
-
-        self.acard
-            .borrow()
-            .set_mute(mute)?;
-
-        invoke_handlers(&self.handlers.borrow(),
-                        AudioSignal::ValuesChanged,
-                        user);
-        return Ok(());
-    }
-
-
-    /// Toggle the mute state of the current audio configuration.
-    pub fn toggle_mute(&self, user: AudioUser) -> Result<()> {
-        let muted = self.get_mute()?;
-        return self.set_mute(!muted, user);
-    }
-
-
-    /// Connect a signal handler to the audio subsystem. This can
-    /// be done from anywhere, e.g. in the UI code to react to
-    /// certain signals. Multiple handlers for the same signals are fine,
-    /// they will be executed in order.
-    pub fn connect_handler(&self, cb: Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>) {
-        self.handlers.add_handler(cb);
-    }
-
-
-    /// Get the current card name.
-    pub fn card_name(&self) -> Result<String> {
-        return self.acard.borrow().card_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /// Get the currently playable channel names.
-    pub fn playable_chan_names(&self) -> Vec<String> {
-        return get_playable_selem_names(&self.acard.borrow().mixer);
-    }
-
-
-    /// Get the current active channel name.
-    pub fn chan_name(&self) -> Result<String> {
-        return self.acard.borrow().chan_name();
-    }
-}
-
-
-/// Invokes the registered handlers.
-fn invoke_handlers(handlers: &Vec<Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>>,
-                   signal: AudioSignal,
-                   user: AudioUser) {
-    debug!("Invoking handlers for signal {:?} by user {:?}",
-           signal,
-           user);
-    if handlers.is_empty() {
-        debug!("No handler found");
-    } else {
-        debug!("Executing handlers")
-    }
-    for handler in handlers {
-        let unboxed = handler.as_ref();
-        unboxed(signal, user);
-    }
-}
-
-
-/// The callback for alsa events that is passed to the alsa subsystem.
-/// This is the bridge between low-level alsa events and "high-level"
-/// audio system signals.
-fn on_alsa_event(last_action_timestamp: &mut i64,
-                 handlers: &Vec<Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>>,
-                 alsa_event: AlsaEvent) {
-    let last: i64 = *last_action_timestamp;
-
-    if last != 0 {
-        let now: i64 = glib::get_monotonic_time();
-        let delay: i64 = now - last;
-        if delay < 1000000 {
-            return;
-        }
-        debug!("Discarding last time stamp, too old");
-        *last_action_timestamp = 0;
-    }
-
-    /* external change */
-    match alsa_event {
-        AlsaEvent::AlsaCardError => {
-            invoke_handlers(handlers,
-                            self::AudioSignal::CardError,
-                            self::AudioUser::Unknown);
-        }
-        AlsaEvent::AlsaCardDiconnected => {
-            invoke_handlers(handlers,
-                            self::AudioSignal::CardDisconnected,
-                            self::AudioUser::Unknown);
-        }
-        AlsaEvent::AlsaCardValuesChanged => {
-            invoke_handlers(handlers,
-                            self::AudioSignal::ValuesChanged,
-                            self::AudioUser::Unknown);
-        }
-        e => warn!("Unhandled alsa event: {:?}", e),
-    }
-}

src/audio/alsa/backend.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+#![allow(illegal_floating_point_literal_pattern)]
+
+//! Alsa audio backend subsystem.
+//!
+//! This mod mainly defines the `AlsaBackend` struct.
+
+
+use alsa_lib::mixer::SelemChannelId::*;
+use audio::alsa::card::*;
+use audio::frontend::*;
+use errors::*;
+use glib;
+use std::cell::Cell;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use support::alsa::*;
+use support::audio::*;
+
+
+
+/// Alsa implementation of the `AudioFrontend`.
+pub struct AlsaBackend {
+    _cannot_construct: (),
+    /// The alsa card.
+    pub acard: RefCell<Box<AlsaCard>>,
+    /// Last timestamp of an internal action we triggered, e.g.
+    /// by setting the volume or the mute state.
+    pub last_action_timestamp: Rc<RefCell<i64>>,
+    /// A set of handlers that react to audio signals. We can
+    /// connect to these.
+    pub handlers: Handlers,
+    /// The step at which to increase/decrease the volume.
+    /// This value is basically from the preferences.
+    pub scroll_step: Cell<u32>,
+}
+
+
+impl AlsaBackend {
+    /// Creates the `AlsaBackend`, containing an `AlsaCard`
+    /// and additional information.
+    pub fn new(
+        card_name: Option<String>,
+        elem_name: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<AlsaBackend> {
+
+
+        let last_action_timestamp = Rc::new(RefCell::new(0));
+        let handlers = Handlers::new();
+
+        let cb = {
+            let myhandler = handlers.clone();
+            let ts = last_action_timestamp.clone();
+            Rc::new(move |event| {
+                on_alsa_event(&mut *ts.borrow_mut(), &myhandler.borrow(), event)
+            })
+        };
+
+        let acard = AlsaCard::new(card_name, elem_name, cb);
+
+        if acard.is_err() {
+            invoke_handlers(
+                &handlers.borrow(),
+                AudioSignal::NoCard,
+                AudioUser::Unknown,
+            );
+        } else {
+            invoke_handlers(
+                &handlers.borrow(),
+                AudioSignal::CardInitialized,
+                AudioUser::Unknown,
+            );
+        }
+
+        let alsa_backend = AlsaBackend {
+            _cannot_construct: (),
+            acard: RefCell::new(acard?),
+            last_action_timestamp: last_action_timestamp.clone(),
+            handlers,
+            scroll_step: Cell::new(5),
+        };
+
+        return Ok(alsa_backend);
+    }
+
+
+    /// Gets the volume range of the currently selected card configuration.
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// `(min, max)`
+    fn get_volume_range(&self) -> (i64, i64) {
+        let acard = self.acard.borrow();
+        let selem = acard.selem();
+        return selem.get_playback_volume_range();
+    }
+}
+
+
+impl AudioFrontend for AlsaBackend {
+    fn switch_card(
+        &self,
+        card_name: Option<String>,
+        elem_name: Option<String>,
+        user: AudioUser,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        debug!("Switching cards");
+        debug!("Old card name: {}", self.card_name().unwrap());
+        debug!("Old chan name: {}", self.chan_name().unwrap());
+        let cb = self.acard.borrow().cb.clone();
+
+        {
+            let mut ac = self.acard.borrow_mut();
+            *ac = AlsaCard::new(card_name, elem_name, cb)?;
+        }
+
+        debug!("New card name: {}", self.card_name().unwrap());
+        debug!("New chan name: {}", self.chan_name().unwrap());
+
+        invoke_handlers(
+            &self.handlers.borrow(),
+            AudioSignal::CardInitialized,
+            user,
+        );
+
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    fn card_name(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        return Ok(self.acard.borrow().card.get_name()?);
+    }
+
+    fn chan_name(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        let n = self.acard.borrow().selem_id.get_name().map(
+            |y| String::from(y),
+        )?;
+        return Ok(n);
+    }
+
+    fn playable_chan_names(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        return get_playable_selem_names(&self.acard.borrow().mixer);
+    }
+
+    fn get_vol(&self) -> Result<f64> {
+        let acard = self.acard.borrow();
+        let selem = acard.selem();
+        let volume = selem.get_playback_volume(FrontRight)?;
+
+        return vol_to_percent(volume, self.get_volume_range());
+    }
+
+    fn set_vol(
+        &self,
+        new_vol: f64,
+        user: AudioUser,
+        dir: VolDir,
+        auto_unmute: bool,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+
+        {
+            let mut rc = self.last_action_timestamp.borrow_mut();
+            *rc = glib::get_monotonic_time();
+        }
+
+        let alsa_vol = percent_to_vol(new_vol, self.get_volume_range(), dir)?;
+
+        /* only invoke handlers etc. if volume did actually change */
+        {
+            let old_alsa_vol =
+                percent_to_vol(self.get_vol()?, self.get_volume_range(), dir)?;
+
+            if old_alsa_vol == alsa_vol {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* auto-unmute */
+        if auto_unmute && self.has_mute() && self.get_mute()? {
+            self.set_mute(false, user)?;
+        }
+
+        debug!(
+            "Setting vol on card {:?} and chan {:?} to {:?} by user {:?}",
+            self.card_name().unwrap(),
+            self.chan_name().unwrap(),
+            new_vol,
+            user
+        );
+
+
+        self.acard.borrow().selem().set_playback_volume_all(
+            alsa_vol,
+        )?;
+
+        invoke_handlers(
+            &self.handlers.borrow(),
+            AudioSignal::ValuesChanged,
+            user,
+        );
+        return Ok(());
+
+    }
+
+    fn vol_level(&self) -> VolLevel {
+        let muted = self.get_mute().unwrap_or(false);
+        if muted {
+            return VolLevel::Muted;
+        }
+        let cur_vol = try_r!(self.get_vol(), VolLevel::Muted);
+        match cur_vol {
+            0. => return VolLevel::Off,
+            0.0...33.0 => return VolLevel::Low,
+            0.0...66.0 => return VolLevel::Medium,
+            0.0...100.0 => return VolLevel::High,
+            _ => return VolLevel::Off,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn increase_vol(&self, user: AudioUser, auto_unmute: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        let old_vol = self.get_vol()?;
+        let new_vol = old_vol + (self.scroll_step.get() as f64);
+
+        return self.set_vol(new_vol, user, VolDir::Up, auto_unmute);
+    }
+
+    fn decrease_vol(&self, user: AudioUser, auto_unmute: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        let old_vol = self.get_vol()?;
+        let new_vol = old_vol - (self.scroll_step.get() as f64);
+
+        return self.set_vol(new_vol, user, VolDir::Down, auto_unmute);
+    }
+
+    fn has_mute(&self) -> bool {
+        let acard = self.acard.borrow();
+        let selem = acard.selem();
+        return selem.has_playback_switch();
+    }
+
+    fn get_mute(&self) -> Result<bool> {
+        let acard = self.acard.borrow();
+        let selem = acard.selem();
+        let val = selem.get_playback_switch(FrontRight)?;
+        return Ok(val == 0);
+    }
+
+    fn set_mute(&self, mute: bool, user: AudioUser) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut rc = self.last_action_timestamp.borrow_mut();
+        *rc = glib::get_monotonic_time();
+
+        debug!(
+            "Setting mute to {} on card {:?} and chan {:?} by user {:?}",
+            mute,
+            self.card_name().unwrap(),
+            self.chan_name().unwrap(),
+            user
+        );
+
+        let acard = self.acard.borrow();
+        let selem = acard.selem();
+        /* true -> mute, false -> unmute */
+        let _ = selem.set_playback_switch_all(!mute as i32)?;
+
+        invoke_handlers(
+            &self.handlers.borrow(),
+            AudioSignal::ValuesChanged,
+            user,
+        );
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    fn toggle_mute(&self, user: AudioUser) -> Result<()> {
+        let muted = self.get_mute()?;
+        return self.set_mute(!muted, user);
+    }
+
+    fn connect_handler(&self, cb: Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>) {
+        self.handlers.add_handler(cb);
+    }
+
+    fn set_scroll_step(&self, scroll_step: u32) {
+        self.scroll_step.set(scroll_step);
+    }
+
+    fn get_scroll_step(&self) -> u32 {
+        return self.scroll_step.get();
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Invokes the registered handlers.
+fn invoke_handlers(
+    handlers: &Vec<Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>>,
+    signal: AudioSignal,
+    user: AudioUser,
+) {
+    debug!(
+        "Invoking handlers for signal {:?} by user {:?}",
+        signal,
+        user
+    );
+    if handlers.is_empty() {
+        debug!("No handler found");
+    } else {
+        debug!("Executing handlers")
+    }
+    for handler in handlers {
+        let unboxed = handler.as_ref();
+        unboxed(signal, user);
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// The callback for alsa events that is passed to the alsa subsystem.
+/// This is the bridge between low-level alsa events and "high-level"
+/// audio system signals.
+fn on_alsa_event(
+    last_action_timestamp: &mut i64,
+    handlers: &Vec<Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>>,
+    alsa_event: AlsaEvent,
+) {
+    let last: i64 = *last_action_timestamp;
+
+    if last != 0 {
+        let now: i64 = glib::get_monotonic_time();
+        let delay: i64 = now - last;
+        if delay < 1000000 {
+            return;
+        }
+        debug!("Discarding last time stamp, too old");
+        *last_action_timestamp = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* external change */
+    match alsa_event {
+        AlsaEvent::AlsaCardError => {
+            invoke_handlers(
+                handlers,
+                self::AudioSignal::CardError,
+                self::AudioUser::Unknown,
+            );
+        }
+        AlsaEvent::AlsaCardDiconnected => {
+            invoke_handlers(
+                handlers,
+                self::AudioSignal::CardDisconnected,
+                self::AudioUser::Unknown,
+            );
+        }
+        AlsaEvent::AlsaCardValuesChanged => {
+            invoke_handlers(
+                handlers,
+                self::AudioSignal::ValuesChanged,
+                self::AudioUser::Unknown,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}

src/audio/alsa/card.rs

@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@
 //! No other struct should directly interact with the alsa bindings.
 
 
-use alsa::card::Card;
+use alsa_lib::card::Card;
-use alsa::mixer::SelemChannelId::*;
+use alsa_lib::mixer::{Mixer, Selem, SelemId};
-use alsa::mixer::{Mixer, Selem, SelemId};
+use alsa_lib::poll::PollDescriptors;
-use alsa::poll::PollDescriptors;
 use alsa_sys;
 use errors::*;
 use glib_sys;
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ use std::mem;
 use std::ptr;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::u8;
-use support_alsa::*;
+use support::alsa::*;
 
 
 
@@ -67,16 +66,15 @@ impl AlsaCard {
     /// If an elem name is provided, it will be tried. If `None` is provided
     /// or the given elem name does not exist or is not playable, any other
     /// playable elem is tried.
-    /// ## `cb`
-    /// Callback for the various `AlsaEvent`s.
     ///
     /// # Returns
     ///
     /// `Ok(Box<AlsaCard>)` on success, `Err(error)` otherwise.
-    pub fn new(card_name: Option<String>,
+    pub fn new(
-               elem_name: Option<String>,
+        card_name: Option<String>,
-               cb: Rc<Fn(AlsaEvent)>)
+        elem_name: Option<String>,
-               -> Result<Box<AlsaCard>> {
+        cb: Rc<Fn(AlsaEvent)>,
+    ) -> Result<Box<AlsaCard>> {
         let card = {
             match card_name {
                 Some(name) => {
@@ -85,7 +83,9 @@ impl AlsaCard {
                         if alsa_card_has_playable_selem(&default) {
                             default
                         } else {
-                            warn!("Default alsa card not playabla, trying others");
+                            warn!(
+                                "Default alsa card not playabla, trying others"
+                            );
                             get_first_playable_alsa_card()?
                         }
                     } else {
@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@ impl AlsaCard {
                         match mycard {
                             Ok(card) => card,
                             Err(_) => {
-                                warn!("Card {} not playable, trying others",
+                                warn!(
-                                      name);
+                                    "Card {} not playable, trying others",
+                                    name
+                                );
                                 get_first_playable_alsa_card()?
                             }
                         }
@@ -106,9 +108,10 @@ impl AlsaCard {
         let mixer = get_mixer(&card)?;
 
         let selem_id = {
-            let requested_selem =
+            let requested_selem = get_playable_selem_by_name(
-                get_playable_selem_by_name(&mixer,
+                &mixer,
-                                           elem_name.unwrap_or(String::from("Master")));
+                elem_name.unwrap_or(String::from("Master")),
+            );
             match requested_selem {
                 Ok(s) => s.get_id(),
                 Err(_) => {
@@ -121,110 +124,35 @@ impl AlsaCard {
         let vec_pollfd = PollDescriptors::get(&mixer)?;
 
         let acard = Box::new(AlsaCard {
-                                 _cannot_construct: (),
+            _cannot_construct: (),
-                                 card: card,
+            card,
-                                 mixer: mixer,
+            mixer,
-                                 selem_id: selem_id,
+            selem_id,
-                                 watch_ids: Cell::new(vec![]),
+            watch_ids: Cell::new(vec![]),
-                                 cb: cb,
+            cb,
-                             });
+        });
 
-        let watch_ids = AlsaCard::watch_poll_descriptors(vec_pollfd,
+        let watch_ids =
-                                                         acard.as_ref());
+            AlsaCard::watch_poll_descriptors(vec_pollfd, acard.as_ref());
         acard.watch_ids.set(watch_ids);
 
         return Ok(acard);
     }
 
-
-    /// Get the name of the alsa card.
-    pub fn card_name(&self) -> Result<String> {
-        return self.card.get_name().from_err();
-    }
-
-
-    /// Get the name of the channel.
-    pub fn chan_name(&self) -> Result<String> {
-        let n = self.selem_id
-            .get_name()
-            .map(|y| String::from(y))?;
-        return Ok(n);
-    }
-
-
     /// Get the `Selem`, looked up by the `SelemId`.
     pub fn selem(&self) -> Selem {
-        return self.mixer.find_selem(&self.selem_id).unwrap();
+        let selem_id = &self.selem_id;
+        let selem = self.mixer.find_selem(selem_id);
+        return selem.unwrap();
     }
 
-
-    /// Get the current volume. The returned value corresponds to the
-    /// volume range and might need to be interpreted (such as converting
-    /// to percentage). This always gets
-    /// the volume of the `FrontRight` channel, because the seems to be
-    /// the safest bet.
-    pub fn get_vol(&self) -> Result<i64> {
-        let selem = self.selem();
-        let volume = selem.get_playback_volume(FrontRight);
-
-        return volume.from_err();
-    }
-
-
-    /// Sets the volume of the current card configuration.
-    /// ## `new_vol`
-    /// The volume corresponding to the volume range of the `Selem`. This
-    /// might need to be translated properly first from other formats
-    /// (like percentage).
-    pub fn set_vol(&self, new_vol: i64) -> Result<()> {
-        let selem = self.selem();
-        return selem.set_playback_volume_all(new_vol).from_err();
-    }
-
-
-    /// Gets the volume range of the currently selected card configuration.
-    ///
-    /// # Returns
-    ///
-    /// `(min, max)`
-    pub fn get_volume_range(&self) -> (i64, i64) {
-        let selem = self.selem();
-        return selem.get_playback_volume_range();
-    }
-
-
-    /// Whether the current card configuration can be muted.
-    pub fn has_mute(&self) -> bool {
-        let selem = self.selem();
-        return selem.has_playback_switch();
-    }
-
-
-    /// Get the mute state of the current card configuration.
-    pub fn get_mute(&self) -> Result<bool> {
-        let selem = self.selem();
-        let val = selem.get_playback_switch(FrontRight)?;
-        return Ok(val == 0);
-    }
-
-
-    /// Set the mute state of the current card configuration.
-    /// ## `mute`
-    /// Passing `true` here means the card will be muted.
-    pub fn set_mute(&self, mute: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        let selem = self.selem();
-        /* true -> mute, false -> unmute */
-        let _ = selem.set_playback_switch_all(!mute as i32)?;
-        return Ok(());
-    }
-
-
     /// Watch the given alsa card poll descriptors and
     /// return the corresponding watch IDs for saving
     /// in the `AlsaCard` struct.
-    fn watch_poll_descriptors(polls: Vec<pollfd>,
+    fn watch_poll_descriptors(
-                              acard: &AlsaCard)
+        polls: Vec<pollfd>,
-                              -> Vec<c_uint> {
+        acard: &AlsaCard,
+    ) -> Vec<c_uint> {
         let mut watch_ids: Vec<c_uint> = vec![];
         let acard_ptr =
             unsafe { mem::transmute::<&AlsaCard, glib_sys::gpointer>(acard) };
@@ -248,7 +176,6 @@ impl AlsaCard {
         return watch_ids;
     }
 
-
     /// Unwatch the given poll descriptors.
     fn unwatch_poll_descriptors(watch_ids: &Vec<u32>) {
         for watch_id in watch_ids {
@@ -270,10 +197,11 @@ impl Drop for AlsaCard {
 
 
 /// The C callback function registered in `watch_poll_descriptors()`.
-extern "C" fn watch_cb(chan: *mut glib_sys::GIOChannel,
+extern "C" fn watch_cb(
-                       cond: glib_sys::GIOCondition,
+    chan: *mut glib_sys::GIOChannel,
-                       data: glib_sys::gpointer)
+    cond: glib_sys::GIOCondition,
-                       -> glib_sys::gboolean {
+    data: glib_sys::gpointer,
+) -> glib_sys::gboolean {
 
     let acard =
         unsafe { mem::transmute::<glib_sys::gpointer, &AlsaCard>(data) };
@@ -293,18 +221,18 @@ extern "C" fn watch_cb(chan: *mut glib_sys::GIOChannel,
     let mut buf: Vec<u8> = vec![0; 256];
 
     while sread > 0 {
-        let stat: glib_sys::GIOStatus =
+        let stat: glib_sys::GIOStatus = unsafe {
-            unsafe {
+            glib_sys::g_io_channel_read_chars(
-                glib_sys::g_io_channel_read_chars(chan,
+                chan,
-                                                  buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
+                buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
-                                                  256,
+                256,
-                                                  &mut sread as *mut size_t,
+                &mut sread as *mut size_t,
-                                                  ptr::null_mut())
+                ptr::null_mut(),
-            };
+            )
+        };
 
         match stat {
             glib_sys::G_IO_STATUS_AGAIN => {
-                debug!("G_IO_STATUS_AGAIN");
                 continue;
             }
             glib_sys::G_IO_STATUS_NORMAL => {
@@ -316,7 +244,9 @@ extern "C" fn watch_cb(chan: *mut glib_sys::GIOChannel,
                 error!("GIO error has occurred");
                 cb(AlsaEvent::AlsaCardError);
             }
-            _ => warn!("Unknown status from g_io_channel_read_chars()"),
+            _ => {
+                error!("Internal error: unknown status!");
+            },
         }
         return true as glib_sys::gboolean;
     }

src/audio/alsa/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//! The alsa backend subsystem.
+
+pub mod backend;
+pub mod card;

src/audio/frontend.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#![allow(missing_docs)] // enums
+
+//! High-level audio subsystem.
+//!
+//! This is the middleman between the low-level audio backend (alsa),
+//! and the high-level ui code.
+//! This abstraction layer allows the high-level code to be completely unaware
+//! of the underlying audio implementation, may it be alsa or whatever.
+
+
+use errors::*;
+use std::cell::Ref;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::f64;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use support::audio::*;
+
+
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+/// The volume level of the current audio configuration.
+pub enum VolLevel {
+    Muted,
+    Low,
+    Medium,
+    High,
+    Off,
+}
+
+
+/// An audio user, used to determine from where a signal originated.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub enum AudioUser {
+    Unknown,
+    Popup,
+    TrayIcon,
+    Hotkeys,
+    PrefsWindow,
+}
+
+
+/// An audio signal. This will be used to connect callbacks to the
+/// audio system and react appropriately.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub enum AudioSignal {
+    NoCard,
+    CardInitialized,
+    CardCleanedUp,
+    CardDisconnected,
+    CardError,
+    ValuesChanged,
+}
+
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+/// Convenience struct to make handling this madness easier.
+pub struct Handlers {
+    inner: Rc<RefCell<Vec<Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>>>>,
+}
+
+
+impl Handlers {
+    pub fn new() -> Handlers {
+        return Handlers { inner: Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![])) };
+    }
+
+
+    pub fn borrow(&self) -> Ref<Vec<Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>>> {
+        return self.inner.borrow();
+    }
+
+
+    pub fn add_handler(&self, cb: Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>) {
+        self.inner.borrow_mut().push(cb);
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// This is the audio frontend, which can be implemented by different backends,
+/// e.g. Alsa or PulseAudio. The high-level UI code only calls these
+/// functions, never the underlying backend functions. The backend
+/// implementation must ensure proper state and consistency, especially
+/// wrt handlers and switching the card.
+pub trait AudioFrontend {
+    /// Switches the current card. Must invoke handlers.
+    /// ## `user`
+    /// Where the card switch originates from.
+    fn switch_card(
+        &self,
+        card_name: Option<String>,
+        elem_name: Option<String>,
+        user: AudioUser,
+    ) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Current volume. Between 0 and 100.
+    /// This always gets the volume of the `FrontRight` channel, because that
+    /// seems to be the safest bet.
+    fn get_vol(&self) -> Result<f64>;
+
+    /// Set the current volume. Must invoke handlers.
+    /// ## `new_vol`
+    /// Set the volume to this value. From 0 to 100.
+    /// ## `user`
+    /// Where the card switch originates from.
+    /// ## `dir`
+    /// The "direction" of the volume change, e.g. is it a decrease
+    /// or increase. This helps with rounding problems.
+    /// ## `auto_unmute`
+    /// Whether to automatically unmute if the volume changes.
+    fn set_vol(
+        &self,
+        new_vol: f64,
+        user: AudioUser,
+        dir: VolDir,
+        auto_unmute: bool,
+    ) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Current volume level, nicely usable for e.g. selecting from a set
+    /// of images.
+    fn vol_level(&self) -> VolLevel;
+
+    /// Increase the volume. The step to increasy by is taken from
+    /// `self.scroll_step`.
+    /// ## `user`
+    /// Where the card switch originates from.
+    fn increase_vol(&self, user: AudioUser, auto_unmute: bool) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Decrease the volume. The step to decrease by is taken from
+    /// `self.scroll_step`.
+    /// ## `user`
+    /// Where the card switch originates from.
+    fn decrease_vol(&self, user: AudioUser, auto_unmute: bool) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Whether the current audio configuration can be muted.
+    fn has_mute(&self) -> bool;
+
+    /// Get the mute state of the current audio configuration.
+    fn get_mute(&self) -> Result<bool>;
+
+    /// Set the mute state of the current audio configuration.
+    /// Must invoke handlers.
+    fn set_mute(&self, mute: bool, user: AudioUser) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Toggle the mute state of the current audio configuration.
+    fn toggle_mute(&self, user: AudioUser) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Connect a signal handler to the audio subsystem. This can
+    /// be done from anywhere, e.g. in the UI code to react to
+    /// certain signals. Multiple handlers for the same signals are fine,
+    /// they will be executed in order.
+    fn connect_handler(&self, cb: Box<Fn(AudioSignal, AudioUser)>);
+
+    /// Get the current card name.
+    fn card_name(&self) -> Result<String>;
+
+    /// Get the currently playable channel names.
+    fn playable_chan_names(&self) -> Vec<String>;
+
+    /// Get the current active channel name.
+    fn chan_name(&self) -> Result<String>;
+
+    /// Set the scroll step.
+    fn set_scroll_step(&self, scroll_step: u32);
+
+    /// Get the scroll step.
+    fn get_scroll_step(&self) -> u32;
+}

src/audio/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//! The audio subsystem with its frontend and backends.
+
+pub mod alsa;
+pub mod frontend;

src/bin.rs

@@ -1,34 +1,78 @@
 #![feature(alloc_system)]
 extern crate alloc_system;
+extern crate getopts;
 
 extern crate pnmixerlib;
 
 use pnmixerlib::*;
 
 use app_state::*;
-#[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+use getopts::Options;
-use libnotify::*;
 use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::env;
+
 
 fn main() {
-    gtk::init().unwrap();
+    let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
 
-    // TODO: error handling
+    let mut opts = Options::new();
-    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+    opts.optflag("h", "help", "Show help");
-    init("PNMixer-rs").unwrap();
+    opts.optopt("", "log-to-file",
+                "Log files to the specified dir instead of stderr",
+                "DIRECTORY");
+    opts.optflagopt("l", "log-level",
+                "Set the log level (trace/debug/info/warn/error/off)",
+                "LEVEL");
 
-    flexi_logger::LogOptions::new()
+    let matches = match opts.parse(&args[1..]) {
-       .log_to_file(false)
+        Ok(m) => { m }
-       // ... your configuration options go here ...
+        Err(f) => { panic!(f.to_string()) }
-       .init(Some("pnmixer=debug".to_string()))
+    };
-       .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Logger initialization failed with {}", e));
 
-    let apps = Rc::new(AppS::new());
+    if matches.opt_present("h") {
+        print_usage(opts);
+        return;
+    }
 
-    ui_entry::init(apps);
+    let log_dir = matches.opt_str("log-to-file");
+    let log_level = matches.opt_default("log-level", "debug").map(|s| {
+        match s.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "trace" => flexi_logger::LevelFilter::Trace,
+            "debug" => flexi_logger::LevelFilter::Debug,
+            "info"  => flexi_logger::LevelFilter::Info,
+            "warn"  => flexi_logger::LevelFilter::Warn,
+            "error" => flexi_logger::LevelFilter::Error,
+            "off"   => flexi_logger::LevelFilter::Off,
+            _       => flexi_logger::LevelFilter::Debug,
+        }
+    }).unwrap_or(flexi_logger::LevelFilter::Off);
+
+    let mut flogger = flexi_logger::Logger::with(
+        flexi_logger::LogSpecification::default(log_level).build());
+
+    if let Some(dir) = log_dir {
+        flogger = flogger.log_to_file().directory(dir);
+    }
+
+    flogger
+        .start()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e|{panic!("Logger initialization failed with {}",e)});
+
+
+    gtk::init()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Gtk initialization failed with {}", e));
+
+    let apps = Rc::new(new_alsa_appstate());
+
+    ui::entry::init(apps);
 
     gtk::main();
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+    // TODO: clean deallocation?
-    uninit();
+}
+
+
+fn print_usage(opts: Options) {
+    let brief = format!("Usage: pnmixer-rs [options]");
+    print!("{}", opts.usage(&brief));
 }

src/errors.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #![allow(missing_docs)]
 
-use alsa;
+use alsa_lib;
+use glib;
 use png;
 use std::convert::From;
 use std;
@@ -10,10 +11,18 @@ use toml;
 
 error_chain! {
     foreign_links {
-        Alsa(alsa::Error);
+        Alsa(alsa_lib::Error);
         IO(std::io::Error);
         Toml(toml::de::Error);
         Png(png::DecodingError);
+        GlibError(glib::Error);
+    }
+
+    errors {
+        GtkResponseCancel(t: String) {
+            description("User hit cancel")
+            display("User hit cancel: {}", t)
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -107,3 +116,121 @@ macro_rules! try_e {
         },
     })
 }
+
+#[macro_export]
+/// Unwraps a `Result<T, E>` by yielding a value of the samet ype
+/// for either case.
+macro_rules! unwrap_any {
+    ($expr:expr, $fmt_ok:expr, $fmt_err:expr) => (match $expr {
+        ::std::result::Result::Ok(val) => $fmt_ok,
+        ::std::result::Result::Err(err) => $fmt_err,
+    })
+
+}
+
+
+#[macro_export]
+/// Warns on err and yields `()` without returning the function.
+macro_rules! just_warn {
+    ($expr:expr) => (match $expr {
+        ::std::result::Result::Ok(_) => (),
+        ::std::result::Result::Err(err) => {
+            warn!("{:?}", err);
+            ()
+        },
+    });
+}
+
+
+#[macro_export]
+/// Present a gtk error dialog with given message.
+/// Provides only a close button.
+macro_rules! error_dialog {
+    ($msg:expr, $parent:expr) => {
+        {
+            use gtk::DialogExt;
+            use gtk::prelude::GtkWindowExt;
+            use gtk::WidgetExt;
+
+            let parent: Option<&gtk::Window> = $parent;
+            let dialog = gtk::MessageDialog::new(parent,
+                                                 gtk::DialogFlags::DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
+                                                 gtk::MessageType::Error,
+                                                 gtk::ButtonsType::Close,
+                                                 $msg);
+            dialog.set_title("PNMixer-rs Error");
+
+            dialog.run();
+            dialog.destroy();
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+
+#[macro_export]
+/// Present a gtk error dialog with the error from the `Result` type,
+/// if any.
+/// Provides only a close button.
+macro_rules! result_warn {
+    ($expr:expr, $parent:expr) => (match $expr {
+        ::std::result::Result::Ok(v) => Ok(v),
+        ::std::result::Result::Err(err) => {
+            use std::error::Error;
+            let warn_string = format!("{}{}", err.description(),
+                err.cause().map(|e| format!("\n\nCause: {}", e.description())).unwrap_or(String::from("")));
+            warn!("{}", warn_string);
+            error_dialog!(warn_string.as_str(), $parent);
+            Err(err)
+        },
+    });
+}
+
+
+#[macro_export]
+/// Convert `WResult` to `Result`. All warnings are printed via the `log`
+/// crate and are shown via Gtk dialogs.
+macro_rules! wresult_warn {
+    ($expr:expr, $parent:expr) => (match $expr {
+        ::w_result::WResult::WOk(t, ws) => {
+            use std::error::Error;
+            for w in ws {
+                let warn_string = format!("{}{}", w.description(),
+                    w.cause().map(|e| format!("\n\nCause: {}", e.description())).unwrap_or(String::from("")));
+                warn!("{}", warn_string);
+                error_dialog!(warn_string.as_str(), $parent);
+            }
+            Ok(t)
+        },
+        ::w_result::WResult::WErr(err) => Err(err),
+    });
+}
+
+
+#[macro_export]
+/// If there is an error in the expression, push it to
+/// the given mutable warning vector.
+macro_rules! push_warning {
+    ($expr:expr, $vec:ident) => (match $expr {
+            Err(e) => $vec.push(e),
+            _ => ()
+    });
+}
+
+
+#[macro_export]
+/// If there is a value in the Result type, unwrap it, otherwise error-log
+/// the error, show it via gtk dialog and exit the whole program.
+macro_rules! unwrap_error {
+    ($expr:expr, $parent:expr) => (match $expr {
+        ::std::result::Result::Ok(v) => v,
+        ::std::result::Result::Err(err) => {
+            use std::error::Error;
+            let err_string = format!("{}{}", err.description(),
+                err.cause().map(|e| format!("\n\nCause: {}", e.description())).unwrap_or(String::from("")));
+
+            error!("{}", err_string);
+            error_dialog!(err_string.as_str(), $parent);
+            ::std::process::exit(1);
+        },
+    });
+}

src/hotkey.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+//! The hotkey subsystem.
+//!
+//! This file defines what's a hotkey and deals with the low-level XKBlib and
+//! Gtk/Gdk.
+
+
+use errors::*;
+use gdk;
+use gdk_sys;
+use gtk;
+use libc::c_int;
+use libc::c_uint;
+use support::gdk_x11::*;
+use x11;
+
+
+/// `xmodmap -pm`
+/// List of key modifiers which will be ignored whenever
+/// we check whether the defined hotkeys have been pressed.
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref KEY_MASKS: Vec<c_uint> = vec![
+                gdk_sys::GdkModifierType::empty().bits(), // No Modkey
+                gdk_sys::GDK_MOD2_MASK.bits(), // Numlock
+                gdk_sys::GDK_LOCK_MASK.bits(), // Capslock
+                gdk_sys::GDK_MOD2_MASK.bits() | gdk_sys::GDK_LOCK_MASK.bits(),
+            ];
+}
+
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+/// A hotkey, described by the underlying gdk/X11 representation.
+pub struct Hotkey {
+    /// The hardware keycode.
+    pub code: gdk::key,
+    /// The modifier keys and mouse button that have been pressed
+    /// in addition to the main key (e.g. Numlock/Capslock).
+    /// This is the raw bit representation and can be converted to
+    /// `gtk::ModifierType` via `self.mods()`.
+    pub mod_bits: u32, // Makes serialize/deserialize easier
+    /// X key symbol.
+    pub sym: u64,
+    /// Gtk Accelerator string.
+    pub gtk_accel: String,
+}
+
+impl Hotkey {
+    /// Creates a new hotkey and grabs it.
+    pub fn new(code: gdk::key, mods: gdk::ModifierType) -> Result<Hotkey> {
+        let display = gdk_x11_get_default_xdisplay();
+        let mod_bits = mods.bits();
+        let sym =
+            unsafe { x11::xlib::XkbKeycodeToKeysym(display, code as u8, 0, 0) };
+        let gtk_accel = gtk::accelerator_name(sym as u32, mods).ok_or(
+            "Could net get accelerator name",
+        )?;
+
+        let hotkey = Hotkey {
+            code,
+            mod_bits,
+            sym,
+            gtk_accel,
+        };
+
+        hotkey.grab()?;
+
+        return Ok(hotkey);
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new hotkey from an accelerator string and grabs it.
+    pub fn new_from_accel(accel: &str) -> Result<Hotkey> {
+        let (code, mods) = hotkey_accel_to_code(accel);
+        return Hotkey::new(code, mods);
+    }
+
+    /// Grab a key manually. Should be paired with a ungrab() call.
+    pub fn grab(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let display = gdk_x11_get_default_xdisplay();
+
+        /* Init error handling */
+        let old_hdlr = unsafe {
+            GRAB_ERROR = 0;
+            x11::xlib::XSetErrorHandler(Some(grab_error_handler))
+        };
+
+        /* Grab the key */
+        for key in KEY_MASKS.iter() {
+            unsafe {
+                x11::xlib::XGrabKey(
+                    display,
+                    self.code,
+                    self.mod_bits | key,
+                    gdk_x11_get_default_root_xwindow(),
+                    1,
+                    x11::xlib::GrabModeAsync,
+                    x11::xlib::GrabModeAsync,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Synchronize X */
+        unsafe {
+            x11::xlib::XFlush(display);
+            x11::xlib::XSync(display, false as c_int);
+        }
+
+        /* Restore error handler */
+        unsafe {
+            x11::xlib::XSetErrorHandler(old_hdlr);
+        }
+
+        /* Check for error */
+        unsafe {
+            ensure!(GRAB_ERROR == 0, "Error grabbing");
+        }
+
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    /// Ungrab a key manually. Should be paired with a grab() call.
+    pub fn ungrab(&self) {
+        let display = gdk_x11_get_default_xdisplay();
+
+        for key in KEY_MASKS.iter() {
+            unsafe {
+                x11::xlib::XUngrabKey(
+                    display,
+                    self.code,
+                    self.mod_bits | key,
+                    gdk_x11_get_default_root_xwindow(),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if the keycode we got (minus modifiers like
+    /// numlock/capslock) matches the hotkey.
+    /// Thus numlock + o will match o.
+    pub fn matches(&self, code: gdk::key, mods: gdk::ModifierType) -> bool {
+        if code != self.code {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for key in KEY_MASKS.iter() {
+            if (self.mod_bits | key) == mods.bits() {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Hotkey {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        debug!("Ungrabbing hotkey");
+        self.ungrab();
+    }
+}
+
+/// Translate a Gtk Accelerator string to a key code and mods.
+pub fn hotkey_accel_to_code(accel: &str) -> (gdk::key, gdk::ModifierType) {
+    let display = gdk_x11_get_default_xdisplay();
+    let (sym, mods) = gtk::accelerator_parse(accel);
+
+    unsafe {
+        if sym != 0 {
+            return (
+                x11::xlib::XKeysymToKeycode(display, sym as u64) as i32,
+                mods,
+            );
+        } else {
+            return (-1, mods);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static mut GRAB_ERROR: u8 = 0;
+
+extern "C" fn grab_error_handler(
+    _: *mut x11::xlib::Display,
+    _: *mut x11::xlib::XErrorEvent,
+) -> c_int {
+    warn!("Error while grabbing hotkey");
+    unsafe {
+        GRAB_ERROR = 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}

src/hotkeys.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+//! The hotkeys subsystem.
+//!
+//! This handles the PNMixer-rs specific hotkeys as a whole,
+//! including communication with Xlib and intercepting key presses
+//! before they can be interpreted by Gtk/Gdk.
+
+
+use audio::frontend::*;
+use errors::*;
+use errors;
+use gdk;
+use gdk_sys;
+use glib::translate::*;
+use glib_sys;
+use hotkey::*;
+use prefs::*;
+use std::mem;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use support::gdk_x11;
+use w_result::*;
+use x11;
+
+
+
+/// The possible Hotkeys for manipulating the volume.
+pub struct Hotkeys<T>
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
+    enabled: bool,
+    mute_key: Option<Hotkey>,
+    up_key: Option<Hotkey>,
+    down_key: Option<Hotkey>,
+
+    // need this to access audio in 'key_filter'
+    audio: Rc<T>,
+    auto_unmute: bool,
+}
+
+impl<T> Hotkeys<T>
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
+    /// Creates the hotkeys subsystem and binds the hotkeys.
+    pub fn new(
+        prefs: &Prefs,
+        audio: Rc<T>,
+    ) -> WResult<Box<Hotkeys<T>>, errors::Error, errors::Error> {
+        debug!("Creating hotkeys control");
+        let mut hotkeys = Box::new(Hotkeys {
+            enabled: false,
+            mute_key: None,
+            up_key: None,
+            down_key: None,
+            audio: audio,
+            auto_unmute: prefs.behavior_prefs.unmute_on_vol_change,
+        });
+        let mut warn = vec![];
+        push_warning!(hotkeys.reload(prefs), warn);
+
+        /* bind hotkeys */
+        let data_ptr = unsafe {
+            mem::transmute::<&Hotkeys<T>, glib_sys::gpointer>(hotkeys.as_ref())
+        };
+        hotkeys_add_filter(Some(key_filter::<T>), data_ptr);
+        return WOk(hotkeys, warn);
+    }
+
+    /// Reload the Hotkeys from the preferences.
+    /// If hotkeys are disabled, just sets all members to `None`.
+    /// This has to be called each time the preferences are modified.
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// `Ok(())` on success, otherwise `Err(str)` if some of the hotkeys
+    /// could not be grabbed, where `str` is a String that can be
+    /// presented via e.g. `run_error_dialog()`.
+    pub fn reload(&mut self, prefs: &Prefs) -> Result<()> {
+        self.enabled = prefs.hotkey_prefs.enable_hotkeys;
+        self.mute_key = None;
+        self.up_key = None;
+        self.down_key = None;
+
+        /* Return if hotkeys are disabled */
+        if self.enabled == false {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let hotkey_prefs = &prefs.hotkey_prefs;
+        let new_hotkey = |keyname: &Option<String>| -> (Option<Hotkey>, bool) {
+            match keyname {
+                &Some(ref k) => {
+                    let hotkey = Hotkey::new_from_accel(k.as_str());
+                    if hotkey.as_ref().is_err() {
+                        (None, true)
+                    } else {
+                        (Some(hotkey.unwrap()), false)
+                    }
+                }
+                &None => (None, false), // no actual error, just no key
+            }
+        };
+
+        /* Setup mute hotkey */
+        let (m_unmute_key, mute_err) =
+            new_hotkey(&hotkey_prefs.mute_unmute_key);
+        if let Some(key) = m_unmute_key {
+            self.mute_key = Some(key);
+        }
+
+        /* Setup volume uphotkey */
+        let (m_up_key, up_err) = new_hotkey(&hotkey_prefs.vol_up_key);
+        if let Some(key) = m_up_key {
+            self.up_key = Some(key);
+        }
+
+        /* Setup volume down hotkey */
+        let (m_down_key, down_err) = new_hotkey(&hotkey_prefs.vol_down_key);
+        if let Some(key) = m_down_key {
+            self.down_key = Some(key);
+        }
+
+        if mute_err || up_err || down_err {
+            bail!("Could not grab the following hotkeys:\n{}{}{}",
+                  if mute_err { "(Mute/Unmute)\n" } else { "" },
+                  if up_err { "(Volume Up)\n" } else { "" },
+                  if down_err { "(Volume Down)\n" } else { "" },
+                  );
+        }
+
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    /// Bind hotkeys manually. Should be paired with an `unbind()` call.
+    pub fn bind(&self) {
+        debug!("Bind hotkeys");
+
+        if let Some(ref key) = self.mute_key {
+            if key.grab().is_err() {
+                warn!("Could not grab mute key");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(ref key) = self.up_key {
+            if key.grab().is_err() {
+                warn!("Could not grab mute key");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(ref key) = self.down_key {
+            if key.grab().is_err() {
+                warn!("Could not grab mute key");
+            }
+        }
+
+        let data_ptr =
+            unsafe { mem::transmute::<&Hotkeys<T>, glib_sys::gpointer>(self) };
+        hotkeys_add_filter(Some(key_filter::<T>), data_ptr);
+    }
+
+    /// Unbind hotkeys manually. Should be paired with a `bind()` call.
+    pub fn unbind(&self) {
+        debug!("Unbind hotkeys");
+
+        if let Some(ref key) = self.mute_key {
+            key.ungrab();
+        }
+
+        if let Some(ref key) = self.up_key {
+            key.ungrab();
+        }
+
+        if let Some(ref key) = self.down_key {
+            key.ungrab();
+        }
+
+        let data_ptr =
+            unsafe { mem::transmute::<&Hotkeys<T>, glib_sys::gpointer>(self) };
+        hotkeys_remove_filter(Some(key_filter::<T>), data_ptr);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Drop for Hotkeys<T>
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        debug!("Freeing hotkeys");
+        self.mute_key = None;
+        self.up_key = None;
+        self.down_key = None;
+
+        let data_ptr = unsafe {
+            mem::transmute::<&mut Hotkeys<T>, glib_sys::gpointer>(self)
+        };
+
+        hotkeys_remove_filter(Some(key_filter::<T>), data_ptr)
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Attaches the `key_filter()` function as a filter
+/// to the root window, so it will intercept window events.
+fn hotkeys_add_filter(
+    function: gdk_sys::GdkFilterFunc,
+    data: glib_sys::gpointer,
+) {
+    // TODO: all the unwrapping :/
+    let window = gdk_x11::gdk_x11_window_foreign_new_for_display(
+        &mut gdk::Display::get_default().unwrap(),
+        gdk_x11::gdk_x11_get_default_root_xwindow(),
+    ).unwrap();
+
+    unsafe {
+        gdk_sys::gdk_window_add_filter(window.to_glib_none().0, function, data);
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Removes the previously attached `key_filter()` function from
+/// the root window.
+fn hotkeys_remove_filter(
+    function: gdk_sys::GdkFilterFunc,
+    data: glib_sys::gpointer,
+) {
+    // TODO: all the unwrapping :/
+    let window = gdk_x11::gdk_x11_window_foreign_new_for_display(
+        &mut gdk::Display::get_default().unwrap(),
+        gdk_x11::gdk_x11_get_default_root_xwindow(),
+    ).unwrap();
+
+    unsafe {
+        gdk_sys::gdk_window_remove_filter(
+            window.to_glib_none().0,
+            function,
+            data,
+        );
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+/// This function is called before Gtk/Gdk can respond
+/// to any(!) window event and handles pressed hotkeys.
+extern "C" fn key_filter<T>(
+    gdk_xevent: *mut gdk_sys::GdkXEvent,
+    _: *mut gdk_sys::GdkEvent,
+    data: glib_sys::gpointer,
+) -> gdk_sys::GdkFilterReturn
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
+    let xevent = gdk_xevent as *mut x11::xlib::XKeyEvent;
+
+    let hotkeys: &Hotkeys<T> =
+        unsafe { mem::transmute::<glib_sys::gpointer, &Hotkeys<T>>(data) };
+    let mute_key = &hotkeys.mute_key;
+    let up_key = &hotkeys.up_key;
+    let down_key = &hotkeys.down_key;
+    let audio = &hotkeys.audio;
+
+    let xevent_type = unsafe { (*xevent).type_ };
+    if xevent_type == x11::xlib::KeyPress {
+        return gdk_sys::GDK_FILTER_CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    let xevent_key = unsafe { (*xevent).keycode };
+    let xevent_state = unsafe { (*xevent).state };
+
+
+    if mute_key.as_ref().is_some() &&
+        mute_key.as_ref().unwrap().matches(
+            xevent_key as i32,
+            gdk::ModifierType::from_bits(xevent_state)
+                .unwrap(),
+        )
+    {
+        just_warn!(audio.toggle_mute(AudioUser::Hotkeys));
+    } else if up_key.as_ref().is_some() &&
+               up_key.as_ref().unwrap().matches(
+            xevent_key as i32,
+            gdk::ModifierType::from_bits(
+                xevent_state,
+            ).unwrap(),
+        )
+    {
+        just_warn!(audio.increase_vol(AudioUser::Hotkeys, hotkeys.auto_unmute));
+
+    } else if down_key.as_ref().is_some() &&
+               down_key.as_ref().unwrap().matches(
+            xevent_key as i32,
+            gdk::ModifierType::from_bits(
+                xevent_state,
+            ).unwrap(),
+        )
+    {
+        just_warn!(audio.decrease_vol(AudioUser::Hotkeys, hotkeys.auto_unmute));
+    }
+
+    return gdk_sys::GDK_FILTER_CONTINUE;
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -34,57 +34,54 @@ extern crate alloc_system;
 
 pub extern crate flexi_logger;
 #[macro_use]
-pub extern crate log;
+extern crate log;
 
 #[macro_use]
-pub extern crate error_chain;
+extern crate error_chain;
 
 #[macro_use]
-pub extern crate serde_derive;
+extern crate serde_derive;
-pub extern crate toml;
+extern crate toml;
-pub extern crate serde;
+extern crate serde;
 
-pub extern crate alsa;
+extern crate alsa as alsa_lib;
-pub extern crate alsa_sys;
+extern crate alsa_sys;
-pub extern crate ffi;
+extern crate ffi;
-pub extern crate gdk;
+extern crate gdk;
-pub extern crate gdk_pixbuf;
+extern crate gdk_pixbuf;
-pub extern crate gdk_pixbuf_sys;
+extern crate gdk_pixbuf_sys;
-pub extern crate gdk_sys;
+extern crate gdk_sys;
-pub extern crate gio;
+extern crate gio;
-pub extern crate glib;
+extern crate glib;
-pub extern crate glib_sys;
+extern crate glib_sys;
-pub extern crate gobject_sys;
+extern crate gobject_sys;
 pub extern crate gtk;
-pub extern crate gtk_sys;
+extern crate gtk_sys;
-pub extern crate libc;
+extern crate libc;
-pub extern crate png;
+extern crate png;
-pub extern crate which;
+extern crate w_result;
-pub extern crate xdg;
+extern crate which;
+extern crate x11;
+extern crate xdg;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
 pub extern crate libnotify;
 
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate lazy_static;
+
 #[macro_use]
 pub mod errors;
 
-#[macro_use]
-pub mod glade_helpers;
-
-pub mod alsa_card;
 pub mod app_state;
 pub mod audio;
+pub mod hotkey;
+pub mod hotkeys;
 pub mod prefs;
-pub mod support_alsa;
-pub mod support_audio;
-pub mod support_cmd;
 #[macro_use]
-pub mod support_ui;
+pub mod support;
-pub mod ui_entry;
+#[macro_use]
-pub mod ui_popup_menu;
+pub mod ui;
-pub mod ui_popup_window;
-pub mod ui_prefs_dialog;
-pub mod ui_tray_icon;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
 pub mod notif;

src/notif.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 
 use app_state::*;
-use audio::*;
+use audio::frontend::*;
 use errors::*;
 use glib::prelude::*;
 use libnotify;
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub struct Notif {
     enabled: Cell<bool>,
     from_popup: Cell<bool>,
     from_tray: Cell<bool>,
-    // TODO: from hotkey
+    from_hotkeys: Cell<bool>,
     from_external: Cell<bool>,
 
     volume_notif: libnotify::Notification,
@@ -30,47 +30,58 @@ pub struct Notif {
 
 impl Notif {
     /// Create a new notification instance from the current preferences.
+    /// This should only be done once at startup. This also initializes
+    /// the libnotify system.
     pub fn new(prefs: &Prefs) -> Result<Self> {
+        libnotify::init("PNMixer-rs")?;
+
         let notif = Notif {
             enabled: Cell::new(false),
             from_popup: Cell::new(false),
             from_tray: Cell::new(false),
+            from_hotkeys: Cell::new(false),
             from_external: Cell::new(false),
 
             volume_notif: libnotify::Notification::new("", None, None),
             text_notif: libnotify::Notification::new("", None, None),
         };
 
-        notif.reload(prefs)?;
+        notif.reload(prefs);
 
         return Ok(notif);
     }
 
     /// Reload the notification instance from the current
     /// preferences.
-    pub fn reload(&self, prefs: &Prefs) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn reload(&self, prefs: &Prefs) {
         let timeout = prefs.notify_prefs.notifcation_timeout;
 
         self.enabled.set(prefs.notify_prefs.enable_notifications);
         self.from_popup.set(prefs.notify_prefs.notify_popup);
         self.from_tray.set(prefs.notify_prefs.notify_mouse_scroll);
+        self.from_hotkeys.set(prefs.notify_prefs.notify_hotkeys);
         self.from_external.set(prefs.notify_prefs.notify_external);
 
         self.volume_notif.set_timeout(timeout as i32);
-        self.volume_notif.set_hint("x-canonical-private-synchronous",
+        self.volume_notif.set_hint(
-                                   Some("".to_variant()));
+            "x-canonical-private-synchronous",
+            Some("".to_variant()),
+        );
 
 
         self.text_notif.set_timeout(timeout as i32);
-        self.text_notif.set_hint("x-canonical-private-synchronous",
+        self.text_notif.set_hint(
-                                 Some("".to_variant()));
+            "x-canonical-private-synchronous",
-
+            Some("".to_variant()),
-        return Ok(());
+        );
     }
 
     /// Shows a volume notification, e.g. for volume or mute state change.
-    pub fn show_volume_notif(&self, audio: &Audio) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn show_volume_notif<T>(&self, audio: &T) -> Result<()>
-        let vol = audio.vol()?;
+    where
+        T: AudioFrontend,
+    {
+        let vol = audio.get_vol()?;
         let vol_level = audio.vol_level();
 
         let icon = {
@@ -87,23 +98,23 @@ impl Notif {
             match vol_level {
                 VolLevel::Muted => String::from("Volume muted"),
                 _ => {
-                    format!("{} ({})\nVolume: {}",
+                    format!(
-                            audio.acard
+                        "{} ({})\nVolume: {}",
-                                .borrow()
+                        audio.card_name()?,
-                                .card_name()?,
+                        audio.chan_name()?,
-                            audio.acard
+                        vol as i32
-                                .borrow()
+                    )
-                                .chan_name()?,
-                            vol as i32)
                 }
             }
         };
 
-        // TODO: error handling
+        self.volume_notif
-        self.volume_notif.update(summary.as_str(), None, Some(icon)).unwrap();
+            .update(summary.as_str(), None, Some(icon))?;
-        self.volume_notif.set_hint("value", Some((vol as i32).to_variant()));
+        self.volume_notif.set_hint(
-        // TODO: error handling
+            "value",
-        self.volume_notif.show().unwrap();
+            Some((vol as i32).to_variant()),
+        );
+        self.volume_notif.show()?;
 
         return Ok(());
     }
@@ -111,47 +122,56 @@ impl Notif {
 
     /// Shows a text notification, e.g. for warnings or errors.
     pub fn show_text_notif(&self, summary: &str, body: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        // TODO: error handling
+        self.text_notif.update(summary, Some(body), None)?;
-        self.text_notif.update(summary, Some(body), None).unwrap();
+        self.text_notif.show()?;
-        // TODO: error handling
-        self.text_notif.show().unwrap();
 
         return Ok(());
     }
 }
 
+impl Drop for Notif {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        libnotify::uninit();
+    }
+}
+
 
 
 /// Initialize the notification subsystem.
-pub fn init_notify(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
+pub fn init_notify<T>(appstate: Rc<AppS<T>>)
-    debug!("Blah");
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend + 'static,
+{
     {
         /* connect handler */
         let apps = appstate.clone();
         appstate.audio.connect_handler(Box::new(move |s, u| {
             let notif = &apps.notif;
-            if !notif.enabled.get() {
+            if notif.is_none() || !notif.as_ref().unwrap().enabled.get() {
                 return;
             }
+            let notif = notif.as_ref().unwrap();
             match (s,
                    u,
                    (notif.from_popup.get(),
                     notif.from_tray.get(),
-                    notif.from_external.get())) {
+                    notif.from_external.get(),
+                    notif.from_hotkeys.get())) {
                 (AudioSignal::NoCard, _, _) => try_w!(notif.show_text_notif("No sound card", "No playable soundcard found")),
                 (AudioSignal::CardDisconnected, _, _) => try_w!(notif.show_text_notif("Soundcard disconnected", "Soundcard has been disconnected, reloading sound system...")),
                 (AudioSignal::CardError, _, _) => (),
                 (AudioSignal::ValuesChanged,
                  AudioUser::TrayIcon,
-                 (_, true, _)) => try_w!(notif.show_volume_notif(&apps.audio)),
+                 (_, true, _, _)) => try_w!(notif.show_volume_notif(apps.audio.as_ref())),
                 (AudioSignal::ValuesChanged,
                  AudioUser::Popup,
-                 (true, _, _)) => try_w!(notif.show_volume_notif(&apps.audio)),
+                 (true, _, _, _)) => try_w!(notif.show_volume_notif(apps.audio.as_ref())),
                 (AudioSignal::ValuesChanged,
                  AudioUser::Unknown,
-                 (_, _, true)) => try_w!(notif.show_volume_notif(&apps.audio)),
+                 (_, _, true, _)) => try_w!(notif.show_volume_notif(apps.audio.as_ref())),
-
+                (AudioSignal::ValuesChanged,
-                 // TODO hotkeys
+                 AudioUser::Hotkeys,
+                 (_, _, _, true)) => try_w!(notif.show_volume_notif(apps.audio.as_ref())),
                 _ => (),
             }
         }));

src/prefs.rs

@@ -73,16 +73,16 @@ impl From<MiddleClickAction> for i32 {
 /// Device preferences tab.
 pub struct DevicePrefs {
     pub card: String,
-    pub channel: String, 
+    pub channel: String,
     // TODO: normalize volume?
 }
 
 impl Default for DevicePrefs {
     fn default() -> DevicePrefs {
         return DevicePrefs {
-                   card: String::from("(default)"),
+            card: String::from("(default)"),
-                   channel: String::from("Master"),
+            channel: String::from("Master"),
-               };
+        };
     }
 }
 
@@ -94,18 +94,18 @@ pub struct ViewPrefs {
     pub draw_vol_meter: bool,
     pub vol_meter_offset: i32,
     pub system_theme: bool,
-    pub vol_meter_color: VolColor, 
+    pub vol_meter_color: VolColor,
     // TODO: Display text folume/text volume pos?
 }
 
 impl Default for ViewPrefs {
     fn default() -> ViewPrefs {
         return ViewPrefs {
-                   draw_vol_meter: true,
+            draw_vol_meter: true,
-                   vol_meter_offset: 10,
+            vol_meter_offset: 10,
-                   system_theme: true,
+            system_theme: true,
-                   vol_meter_color: VolColor::default(),
+            vol_meter_color: VolColor::default(),
-               };
+        };
     }
 }
 
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ pub struct VolColor {
 impl Default for VolColor {
     fn default() -> VolColor {
         return VolColor {
-                   red: 0.960784313725,
+            red: 0.960784313725,
-                   green: 0.705882352941,
+            green: 0.705882352941,
-                   blue: 0.0,
+            blue: 0.0,
-               };
+        };
     }
 }
 
@@ -139,19 +139,19 @@ pub struct BehaviorPrefs {
     pub vol_scroll_step: f64,
     pub vol_fine_scroll_step: f64,
     pub middle_click_action: MiddleClickAction,
-    pub custom_command: Option<String>, // TODO: fine scroll step?
+    pub custom_command: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl Default for BehaviorPrefs {
     fn default() -> BehaviorPrefs {
         return BehaviorPrefs {
-                   unmute_on_vol_change: true,
+            unmute_on_vol_change: true,
-                   vol_control_cmd: None,
+            vol_control_cmd: None,
-                   vol_scroll_step: 5.0,
+            vol_scroll_step: 5.0,
-                   vol_fine_scroll_step: 1.0,
+            vol_fine_scroll_step: 1.0,
-                   middle_click_action: MiddleClickAction::default(),
+            middle_click_action: MiddleClickAction::default(),
-                   custom_command: None,
+            custom_command: None,
-               };
+        };
     }
 }
 
@@ -165,24 +165,36 @@ pub struct NotifyPrefs {
     pub notifcation_timeout: i64,
     pub notify_mouse_scroll: bool,
     pub notify_popup: bool,
-    pub notify_external: bool, 
+    pub notify_external: bool,
-    // TODO: notify_hotkeys?
+    pub notify_hotkeys: bool,
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
 impl Default for NotifyPrefs {
     fn default() -> NotifyPrefs {
         return NotifyPrefs {
-                   enable_notifications: true,
+            enable_notifications: true,
-                   notifcation_timeout: 1500,
+            notifcation_timeout: 1500,
-                   notify_mouse_scroll: true,
+            notify_mouse_scroll: true,
-                   notify_popup: true,
+            notify_popup: true,
-                   notify_external: true,
+            notify_external: true,
-               };
+            notify_hotkeys: true,
+        };
     }
 }
 
 
+#[derive(Deserialize, Debug, Serialize, Default)]
+/// Hotkey preferences.
+/// The `String`s represent gtk accelerator strings.
+pub struct HotkeyPrefs {
+    pub enable_hotkeys: bool,
+    pub mute_unmute_key: Option<String>,
+    pub vol_up_key: Option<String>,
+    pub vol_down_key: Option<String>,
+}
+
+
 #[derive(Deserialize, Debug, Serialize, Default)]
 #[serde(default)]
 /// Main preferences struct, holding all sub-preferences.
@@ -191,8 +203,8 @@ pub struct Prefs {
     pub view_prefs: ViewPrefs,
     pub behavior_prefs: BehaviorPrefs,
     #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-    pub notify_prefs: NotifyPrefs, 
+    pub notify_prefs: NotifyPrefs,
-    // TODO: HotKeys?
+    pub hotkey_prefs: HotkeyPrefs,
 }
 
 impl Prefs {
@@ -223,6 +235,7 @@ impl Prefs {
     }
 
 
+    // TODO: unused
     /// Reload the current preferences from the config file.
     pub fn reload_config(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         debug!("Reloading config...");
@@ -236,13 +249,26 @@ impl Prefs {
 
     /// Store the current preferences to the config file.
     pub fn store_config(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        let config_path = get_xdg_dirs().place_config_file("pnmixer.toml")
+        let config_path = get_xdg_dirs()
-            .from_err()?;
+            .place_config_file("pnmixer.toml")
+            .chain_err(|| {
+                format!(
+                    "Could not create config directory at {:?}",
+                    get_xdg_dirs().get_config_home()
+                )
+            })?;
 
         debug!("Storing config in {:?}", config_path);
 
-        let mut f = File::create(config_path)?;
+        let mut f = File::create(config_path.clone()).chain_err(|| {
-        f.write_all(self.to_str().as_bytes())?;
+            format!(
+                "Could not open/create config file {:?} for writing",
+                config_path
+            )
+        })?;
+        f.write_all(self.to_str().as_bytes()).chain_err(|| {
+            format!("Could not write to config file {:?}", config_path)
+        })?;
 
         return Ok(());
     }
@@ -275,9 +301,10 @@ impl Prefs {
 }
 
 impl Display for Prefs {
-    fn fmt(&self,
+    fn fmt(
-           f: &mut Formatter)
+        &self,
-           -> std::result::Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
+        f: &mut Formatter,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
         let s = self.to_str();
         return write!(f, "{}", s);
     }

src/support/alsa.rs

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 //! out the details we don't care about.
 
 
-use alsa::card::Card;
+use alsa_lib::card::Card;
-use alsa::mixer::{Mixer, Selem, Elem};
+use alsa_lib::mixer::{Mixer, Selem, Elem};
-use alsa;
+use alsa_lib;
 use errors::*;
 use libc::c_int;
 
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ pub fn get_alsa_card_by_id(index: c_int) -> Card {
 
 
 /// Get all available alsa cards.
-pub fn get_alsa_cards() -> alsa::card::Iter {
+pub fn get_alsa_cards() -> alsa_lib::card::Iter {
-    return alsa::card::Iter::new();
+    return alsa_lib::card::Iter::new();
 }
 
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ pub fn alsa_card_has_playable_selem(card: &Card) -> bool {
 
 /// Get the `Mixer` for the given alsa card.
 pub fn get_mixer(card: &Card) -> Result<Mixer> {
-    return Mixer::new(&format!("hw:{}", card.get_index()), false).from_err();
+    return Ok(Mixer::new(&format!("hw:{}", card.get_index()), false)?);
 }
 
 
@@ -144,13 +144,12 @@ pub fn get_playable_selem_names(mixer: &Mixer) -> Vec<String> {
 
 
 /// Get a playable `Selem` by the given name.
-pub fn get_playable_selem_by_name(mixer: &Mixer,
+pub fn get_playable_selem_by_name(
-                                  name: String)
+    mixer: &Mixer,
-                                  -> Result<Selem> {
+    name: String,
+) -> Result<Selem> {
     for selem in get_playable_selems(mixer) {
-        let n = selem.get_id()
+        let n = selem.get_id().get_name().map(|y| String::from(y))?;
-            .get_name()
-            .map(|y| String::from(y))?;
 
         if n == name {
             return Ok(selem);

src/support/audio.rs

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 //! but are important helpers.
 
 
-use audio::{Audio, AudioUser};
+use audio::frontend::*;
 use errors::*;
 use prefs::*;
-use support_alsa::*;
+use support::alsa::*;
 
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ pub fn lrint(v: f64, dir: VolDir) -> f64 {
 
 
 /// Reload the audio system.
-pub fn audio_reload(audio: &Audio,
+pub fn audio_reload<T>(audio: &T, prefs: &Prefs, user: AudioUser) -> Result<()>
-                    prefs: &Prefs,
+where
-                    user: AudioUser)
+    T: AudioFrontend,
-                    -> Result<()> {
+{
     let card = &prefs.device_prefs.card;
     let channel = &prefs.device_prefs.channel;
     // TODO: is this clone safe?
-    return audio.switch_acard(Some(card.clone()), Some(channel.clone()), user);
+    return audio.switch_card(Some(card.clone()), Some(channel.clone()), user);
 }
 
 
@@ -70,10 +70,12 @@ pub fn audio_reload(audio: &Audio,
 /// of the volume level.
 pub fn vol_to_percent(vol: i64, range: (i64, i64)) -> Result<f64> {
     let (min, max) = range;
-    ensure!(min < max,
+    ensure!(
-            "Invalid playback volume range [{} - {}]",
+        min < max,
-            min,
+        "Invalid playback volume range [{} - {}]",
-            max);
+        min,
+        max
+    );
     let perc = ((vol - min) as f64) / ((max - min) as f64) * 100.0;
     return Ok(perc);
 }
@@ -84,10 +86,12 @@ pub fn vol_to_percent(vol: i64, range: (i64, i64)) -> Result<f64> {
 /// range.
 pub fn percent_to_vol(vol: f64, range: (i64, i64), dir: VolDir) -> Result<i64> {
     let (min, max) = range;
-    ensure!(min < max,
+    ensure!(
-            "Invalid playback volume range [{} - {}]",
+        min < max,
-            min,
+        "Invalid playback volume range [{} - {}]",
-            max);
+        min,
+        max
+    );
 
     let _v = lrint(vol / 100.0 * ((max - min) as f64), dir) + (min as f64);
     return Ok(_v as i64);

src/support/cmd.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! Helper functions for invoking system commands.
 
+
 use errors::*;
 use glib;
 use prefs::Prefs;
@@ -23,10 +24,8 @@ pub fn execute_vol_control_command(prefs: &Prefs) -> Result<()> {
 
 /// Try to execute the given command asynchronously via gtk.
 pub fn execute_command(cmd: &str) -> Result<()> {
-    return glib::spawn_command_line_async(cmd)
+    return Ok(glib::spawn_command_line_async(cmd)
-               .map_err(|e| {
+        .map_err(|e| {
-                            std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other,
+            std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other, e.description())
-                                                e.description())
+        })?);
-                        })
-               .from_err();
 }

src/support/gdk_x11.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//! Glue code between gdk and x11, allowing some `gdk_x11_*` functions.
+//!
+//! This is not a complete binding, but just provides what we need in a
+//! reasonable way.
+
+
+use gdk;
+use gdk_sys::GdkDisplay;
+use glib::translate::*;
+use x11::xlib::{Display, Window};
+
+
+// https://developer.gnome.org/gdk3/stable/gdk3-X-Window-System-Interaction.html
+mod ffi {
+    use gdk_sys::{GdkDisplay, GdkWindow};
+    use x11::xlib::{Display, Window};
+
+    extern "C" {
+        pub fn gdk_x11_get_default_xdisplay() -> *mut Display;
+        pub fn gdk_x11_get_default_root_xwindow() -> Window;
+        pub fn gdk_x11_window_foreign_new_for_display(
+            display: *mut GdkDisplay,
+            window: Window,
+        ) -> *mut GdkWindow;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Gets the default GTK+ display.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// the Xlib Display* for the display specified in the `--display`
+/// command line option or the `DISPLAY` environment variable.
+pub fn gdk_x11_get_default_xdisplay() -> *mut Display {
+    unsafe {
+        return ffi::gdk_x11_get_default_xdisplay();
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Gets the root window of the default screen (see `gdk_x11_get_default_screen()`).
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// an Xlib Window.
+pub fn gdk_x11_get_default_root_xwindow() -> Window {
+    unsafe {
+        return ffi::gdk_x11_get_default_root_xwindow();
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Wraps a native window in a GdkWindow. The function will try to look up the
+/// window using `gdk_x11_window_lookup_for_display()` first. If it does not find
+/// it there, it will create a new window.
+///
+/// This may fail if the window has been destroyed. If the window was already
+/// known to GDK, a new reference to the existing GdkWindow is returned.
+/// ## `display`
+/// the GdkDisplay where the window handle comes from.
+/// ## ` window`
+/// an Xlib Window
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// a GdkWindow wrapper for the native window, or `None` if the window has been
+/// destroyed. The wrapper will be newly created, if one doesn’t exist already.
+pub fn gdk_x11_window_foreign_new_for_display(
+    gdk_display: &mut gdk::Display,
+    xwindow: Window,
+) -> Option<gdk::Window> {
+    unsafe {
+        let display: *mut GdkDisplay =
+            mut_override(gdk_display.to_glib_none().0);
+
+        return from_glib_full(ffi::gdk_x11_window_foreign_new_for_display(
+            display,
+            xwindow,
+        ));
+    }
+}

src/support/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//! Support subsystem, with no specific logical coherence.
+//!
+//! This module provides helper/support functions of various types that
+//! don't logically fit elsewhere.
+
+pub mod alsa;
+pub mod audio;
+pub mod cmd;
+pub mod gdk_x11;
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod glade;
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod ui;

src/support/ui.rs

@@ -3,43 +3,29 @@
 
 use errors::*;
 use gdk_pixbuf;
-use gdk_pixbuf_sys;
-use glib::translate::FromGlibPtrFull;
-use glib::translate::ToGlibPtr;
 use gtk::prelude::*;
 use gtk;
 use std::path::*;
 
 
 
-/// Copy a `Pixbuf` explicitly, since they don't implement the `Copy` trait.
-/// Currently does not call `gdk_pixbuf_copy_options()`.
-pub fn copy_pixbuf(pixbuf: &gdk_pixbuf::Pixbuf) -> gdk_pixbuf::Pixbuf {
-
-    let new_pixbuf = unsafe {
-        let gdk_pixbuf = pixbuf.to_glib_full();
-        let copy = gdk_pixbuf_sys::gdk_pixbuf_copy(gdk_pixbuf);
-        FromGlibPtrFull::from_glib_full(copy)
-    };
-
-    return new_pixbuf;
-}
-
-
 /// Get a pixbuf by name from the given theme with the requested size.
 /// Note that the size is not enforced, but rather a hint.
-pub fn pixbuf_new_from_theme(icon_name: &str,
+pub fn pixbuf_new_from_theme(
-                             size: i32,
+    icon_name: &str,
-                             theme: &gtk::IconTheme)
+    size: i32,
-                             -> Result<gdk_pixbuf::Pixbuf> {
+    theme: &gtk::IconTheme,
+) -> Result<gdk_pixbuf::Pixbuf> {
 
-    let icon_info =
+    let icon_info = theme
-        theme.lookup_icon(icon_name, size, gtk::IconLookupFlags::empty())
+        .lookup_icon(icon_name, size, gtk::IconLookupFlags::empty())
-            .ok_or(format!("Couldn't find icon {}", icon_name))?;
+        .ok_or(format!("Couldn't find icon {}", icon_name))?;
 
-    debug!("Loading stock icon {} from {:?}",
+    debug!(
-           icon_name,
+        "Loading stock icon {} from {:?}",
-           icon_info.get_filename().unwrap_or(PathBuf::new()));
+        icon_name,
+        icon_info.get_filename().unwrap_or(PathBuf::new())
+    );
 
     // TODO: propagate error
     let pixbuf = icon_info.load_icon().unwrap();

src/ui/entry.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+//! Global GUI state.
+
+
+use app_state::*;
+use audio::frontend::*;
+use gtk::DialogExt;
+use gtk::GtkWindowExt;
+use gtk::MessageDialogExt;
+use gtk::WidgetExt;
+use gtk;
+use gtk_sys::GTK_RESPONSE_YES;
+use prefs::*;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use support::audio::*;
+use ui::popup_menu::*;
+use ui::popup_window::*;
+use ui::prefs_dialog::*;
+use ui::tray_icon::*;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+use notif::*;
+
+
+
+/// The GUI struct mostly describing the main widgets (mostly wrapped)
+/// the user interacts with.
+pub struct Gui {
+    _cant_construct: (),
+    /// The tray icon.
+    pub tray_icon: TrayIcon,
+    /// The popup window.
+    pub popup_window: PopupWindow,
+    /// The popup menu.
+    pub popup_menu: PopupMenu,
+    /* prefs_dialog is dynamically created and destroyed */
+    /// The preferences dialog.
+    pub prefs_dialog: RefCell<Option<PrefsDialog>>,
+}
+
+impl Gui {
+    /// Constructor. The prefs dialog is initialized as `None`.
+    pub fn new(
+        builder_popup_window: gtk::Builder,
+        builder_popup_menu: gtk::Builder,
+        prefs: &Prefs,
+    ) -> Gui {
+        return Gui {
+            _cant_construct: (),
+            tray_icon: TrayIcon::new(prefs).unwrap(),
+            popup_window: PopupWindow::new(builder_popup_window),
+            popup_menu: PopupMenu::new(builder_popup_menu),
+            prefs_dialog: RefCell::new(None),
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Initialize the GUI system.
+pub fn init<T>(appstate: Rc<AppS<T>>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend + 'static,
+{
+    {
+        /* "global" audio signal handler */
+        let apps = appstate.clone();
+        appstate.audio.connect_handler(
+            Box::new(move |s, u| match (s, u) {
+                (AudioSignal::CardDisconnected, _) => {
+                    try_w!(audio_reload(
+                        apps.audio.as_ref(),
+                        &apps.prefs.borrow(),
+                        AudioUser::Unknown,
+                    ));
+                }
+                (AudioSignal::CardError, _) => {
+                    if run_audio_error_dialog(
+                        &apps.gui.popup_menu.menu_window,
+                    ) == (GTK_RESPONSE_YES as i32)
+                    {
+                        try_w!(audio_reload(
+                            apps.audio.as_ref(),
+                            &apps.prefs.borrow(),
+                            AudioUser::Unknown,
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }),
+        );
+
+    }
+
+    init_tray_icon(appstate.clone());
+    init_popup_window(appstate.clone());
+    init_popup_menu(appstate.clone());
+    init_prefs_callback(appstate.clone());
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "notify")] init_notify(appstate.clone());
+}
+
+
+/// Used to run a dialog when an audio error occured, suggesting the user
+/// may reload the audio system either manually or by confirming the dialog
+/// via the confirmation button.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// `GTK_RESPONSE_YES` if the user wants to reload the audio system,
+/// `GTK_RESPONSE_NO` otherwise.
+fn run_audio_error_dialog(parent: &gtk::Window) -> i32 {
+    error!(
+        "Connection with audio failed, you probably need to restart pnmixer."
+    );
+
+    let dialog = gtk::MessageDialog::new(
+        Some(parent),
+        gtk::DialogFlags::DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
+        gtk::MessageType::Error,
+        gtk::ButtonsType::YesNo,
+        "Warning: Connection to sound system failed.",
+    );
+    dialog.set_property_secondary_text(Some(
+        "Do you want to re-initialize the audio connection ?
+
+If you do not, you will either need to restart PNMixer
+or select the 'Reload Audio' option in the right-click
+menu in order for PNMixer to function.",
+    ));
+
+    dialog.set_title("PNMixer-rs Error");
+
+    let resp = dialog.run();
+    dialog.destroy();
+
+    return resp;
+}

src/ui/hotkey_dialog.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+//! The ui hotkey preferences dialog.
+//!
+//! Usually run from the preferences window.
+
+
+use errors::*;
+use gdk::DeviceExt;
+use gdk;
+use gdk_sys;
+use glib::translate::*;
+use gtk::prelude::*;
+use gtk;
+use libc::c_uint;
+use std;
+
+
+
+/// Hotkey dialog struct holding the relevant gtk widgets.
+pub struct HotkeyDialog {
+    hotkey_dialog: gtk::Dialog,
+    // instruction_label: gtk::Label, // not needed
+    key_pressed_label: gtk::Label,
+}
+
+impl HotkeyDialog {
+    /// Creates a new hotkey dialog.
+    pub fn new<P>(parent: &P, hotkey: String) -> HotkeyDialog
+    where
+        P: IsA<gtk::Window>,
+    {
+        let builder = gtk::Builder::new_from_string(include_str!(concat!(
+            env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+            "/data/ui/hotkey-dialog.glade"
+        )));
+
+        let hotkey_dialog: gtk::Dialog =
+            builder.get_object("hotkey_dialog").unwrap();
+        let instruction_label: gtk::Label =
+            builder.get_object("instruction_label").unwrap();
+        let key_pressed_label: gtk::Label =
+            builder.get_object("key_pressed_label").unwrap();
+
+        hotkey_dialog.set_title(format!("Set {} HotKey", hotkey).as_str());
+        instruction_label.set_markup(
+            format!("Press new HotKey for <b>{}</b>", hotkey)
+                .as_str(),
+        );
+
+        hotkey_dialog.set_transient_for(parent);
+
+        {
+            let key_pressed_label = key_pressed_label.clone();
+            hotkey_dialog.connect_key_press_event(move |_, e| {
+                let mut state = e.get_state();
+
+                unsafe {
+                    let mut keyval: c_uint = 0;
+                    let mut consumed: gdk_sys::GdkModifierType =
+                        gdk_sys::GdkModifierType::empty();
+                    gdk_sys::gdk_keymap_translate_keyboard_state(
+                        gdk_sys::gdk_keymap_get_default(),
+                        e.get_hardware_keycode() as u32,
+                        state.to_glib(),
+                        e.get_group() as i32,
+                        &mut keyval as *mut c_uint,
+                        std::ptr::null_mut(),
+                        std::ptr::null_mut(),
+                        &mut consumed as *mut gdk_sys::GdkModifierType,
+                    );
+
+                    let consumed: gdk::ModifierType = from_glib(!consumed);
+                    state = state & consumed;
+                    state = state & gtk::accelerator_get_default_mod_mask();
+
+                    let key_text = gtk::accelerator_name(keyval, state);
+                    key_pressed_label.set_text(
+                        key_text
+                            .unwrap_or(String::from("(None)"))
+                            .as_str(),
+                    );
+                };
+                return Inhibit(false);
+            });
+        }
+
+
+
+        hotkey_dialog.connect_key_release_event(move |w, _| {
+            w.response(gtk::ResponseType::Ok.into());
+            return Inhibit(false);
+        });
+
+        return HotkeyDialog {
+            hotkey_dialog,
+            key_pressed_label,
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Runs the hotkey dialog and returns a String representing the hotkey
+    /// that has been pressed.
+    pub fn run(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        self.hotkey_dialog.show_now();
+        let device = gtk::get_current_event_device().ok_or(
+            "Could not get current device",
+        )?;
+        let window = self.hotkey_dialog.get_window().ok_or(
+            "Could not get window",
+        )?;
+
+        let m_grab_status = device.grab(
+            &window,
+            gdk::GrabOwnership::Application,
+            true,
+            gdk::EventMask::KEY_PRESS_MASK,
+            None,
+            gdk_sys::GDK_CURRENT_TIME as u32,
+        );
+
+        if m_grab_status != gdk::GrabStatus::Success {
+            bail!("Could not grab the keyboard");
+        }
+
+        let resp = self.hotkey_dialog.run();
+        device.ungrab(gdk_sys::GDK_CURRENT_TIME as u32);
+
+        if resp != gtk::ResponseType::Ok.into() {
+            bail!(ErrorKind::GtkResponseCancel(
+                String::from("not assigning hotkey"),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        return Ok(self.key_pressed_label.get_text().ok_or(
+            "Could not get text",
+        )?);
+    }
+}
+
+
+impl Drop for HotkeyDialog {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.hotkey_dialog.destroy();
+    }
+}

src/ui/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//! The UI subsystem.
+
+pub mod entry;
+pub mod hotkey_dialog;
+pub mod popup_menu;
+pub mod popup_window;
+pub mod prefs_dialog;
+pub mod tray_icon;

src/ui/popup_menu.rs

@@ -12,44 +12,46 @@
 //! * Quit
 
 use app_state::*;
-use audio::AudioUser;
+use audio::frontend::*;
 use gtk::prelude::*;
 use gtk;
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use support_audio::*;
+use support::audio::*;
-use support_cmd::*;
+use support::cmd::*;
-use ui_prefs_dialog::*;
+use ui::prefs_dialog::*;
 
 
 const VERSION: &'static str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
 
 
 
-create_builder_item!(PopupMenu,
+create_builder_item!(
-                     menu_window: gtk::Window,
+    PopupMenu,
-                     menubar: gtk::MenuBar,
+    menu_window: gtk::Window,
-                     menu: gtk::Menu,
+    menubar: gtk::MenuBar,
-                     about_item: gtk::MenuItem,
+    menu: gtk::Menu,
-                     mixer_item: gtk::MenuItem,
+    about_item: gtk::MenuItem,
-                     mute_item: gtk::MenuItem,
+    mixer_item: gtk::MenuItem,
-                     mute_check: gtk::CheckButton,
+    mute_item: gtk::MenuItem,
-                     prefs_item: gtk::MenuItem,
+    mute_check: gtk::CheckButton,
-                     quit_item: gtk::MenuItem,
+    prefs_item: gtk::MenuItem,
-                     reload_item: gtk::MenuItem);
+    quit_item: gtk::MenuItem,
+    reload_item: gtk::MenuItem
+);
 
 
 
 /// Initialize the popup menu subsystem, registering all callbacks.
-pub fn init_popup_menu(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
+pub fn init_popup_menu<T>(appstate: Rc<AppS<T>>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend + 'static,
+{
     /* audio.connect_handler */
     {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
         appstate.audio.connect_handler(Box::new(move |s, u| {
             /* skip if window is hidden */
-            if !apps.gui
+            if !apps.gui.popup_menu.menu.get_visible() {
-                    .popup_menu
-                    .menu
-                    .get_visible() {
                 return;
             }
             match (s, u) {
@@ -62,10 +64,9 @@ pub fn init_popup_menu(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
     /* popup_menu.menu.connect_show */
     {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
-        appstate.gui
+        appstate.gui.popup_menu.menu.connect_show(
-            .popup_menu
+            move |_| set_mute_check(&apps),
-            .menu
+        );
-            .connect_show(move |_| set_mute_check(&apps));
 
     }
 
@@ -74,7 +75,10 @@ pub fn init_popup_menu(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
         let mixer_item = &appstate.gui.popup_menu.mixer_item;
         mixer_item.connect_activate(move |_| {
-            try_w!(execute_vol_control_command(&apps.prefs.borrow()));
+            let _ = result_warn!(
+                execute_vol_control_command(&apps.prefs.borrow()),
+                Some(&apps.gui.popup_menu.menu_window)
+            );
         });
     }
 
@@ -82,10 +86,8 @@ pub fn init_popup_menu(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
     {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
         let mute_item = &appstate.gui.popup_menu.mute_item;
-        mute_item.connect_activate(move |_| {
+        mute_item.connect_activate(move |_| if apps.audio.has_mute() {
-            if apps.audio.has_mute() {
+            try_w!(apps.audio.toggle_mute(AudioUser::Popup));
-                try_w!(apps.audio.toggle_mute(AudioUser::Popup));
-            }
         });
     }
 
@@ -93,18 +95,18 @@ pub fn init_popup_menu(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
     {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
         let about_item = &appstate.gui.popup_menu.about_item;
-        about_item.connect_activate(move |_| {
+        about_item.connect_activate(
-                                        on_about_item_activate(&apps);
+            move |_| { on_about_item_activate(&apps); },
-                                    });
+        );
     }
 
     /* prefs_item.connect_activate_link */
     {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
         let prefs_item = &appstate.gui.popup_menu.prefs_item;
-        prefs_item.connect_activate(move |_| {
+        prefs_item.connect_activate(
-                                        on_prefs_item_activate(&apps);
+            move |_| { on_prefs_item_activate(&apps); },
-                                    });
+        );
     }
 
     /* reload_item.connect_activate_link */
@@ -112,10 +114,12 @@ pub fn init_popup_menu(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
         let reload_item = &appstate.gui.popup_menu.reload_item;
         reload_item.connect_activate(move |_| {
-                                         try_w!(audio_reload(&apps.audio,
+            try_w!(audio_reload(
-                                                 &apps.prefs.borrow(),
+                apps.audio.as_ref(),
-                                                 AudioUser::Popup))
+                &apps.prefs.borrow(),
-                                     });
+                AudioUser::Popup,
+            ))
+        });
     }
 
 
@@ -128,7 +132,10 @@ pub fn init_popup_menu(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
 
 
 /// When the about menu item is activated.
-fn on_about_item_activate(appstate: &AppS) {
+fn on_about_item_activate<T>(appstate: &AppS<T>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
     let popup_menu = &appstate.gui.popup_menu.menu_window;
     let about_dialog = create_about_dialog();
     about_dialog.set_skip_taskbar_hint(true);
@@ -170,14 +177,20 @@ Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.",
 
 
 /// When the Preferences item is activated.
-fn on_prefs_item_activate(appstate: &Rc<AppS>) {
+fn on_prefs_item_activate<T>(appstate: &Rc<AppS<T>>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend + 'static,
+{
     /* TODO: only create if needed */
     show_prefs_dialog(appstate);
 }
 
 
 /// When the Mute item is checked.
-fn set_mute_check(apps: &Rc<AppS>) {
+fn set_mute_check<T>(apps: &Rc<AppS<T>>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
     let mute_check = &apps.gui.popup_menu.mute_check;
     let m_muted = apps.audio.get_mute();
     match m_muted {

src/ui/popup_window.rs

@@ -5,12 +5,13 @@
 
 
 use app_state::*;
-use audio::*;
+use audio::frontend::*;
 use errors::*;
 use gdk::DeviceExt;
-use gdk::{GrabOwnership, GrabStatus, BUTTON_PRESS_MASK, KEY_PRESS_MASK};
+use gdk::{GrabOwnership, GrabStatus};
 use gdk;
 use gdk_sys::{GDK_KEY_Escape, GDK_CURRENT_TIME};
+use glib::translate::*;
 use glib;
 use gtk::ToggleButtonExt;
 use gtk::prelude::*;
@@ -18,8 +19,8 @@ use gtk;
 use prefs::*;
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use support_audio::*;
+use support::audio::*;
-use support_cmd::*;
+use support::cmd::*;
 
 
 
@@ -49,33 +50,40 @@ impl PopupWindow {
     /// Constructor.
     pub fn new(builder: gtk::Builder) -> PopupWindow {
         return PopupWindow {
-                   _cant_construct: (),
+            _cant_construct: (),
-                   popup_window: builder.get_object("popup_window").unwrap(),
+            popup_window: builder.get_object("popup_window").unwrap(),
-                   vol_scale_adj: builder.get_object("vol_scale_adj").unwrap(),
+            vol_scale_adj: builder.get_object("vol_scale_adj").unwrap(),
-                   vol_scale: builder.get_object("vol_scale").unwrap(),
+            vol_scale: builder.get_object("vol_scale").unwrap(),
-                   mute_check: builder.get_object("mute_check").unwrap(),
+            mute_check: builder.get_object("mute_check").unwrap(),
-                   mixer_button: builder.get_object("mixer_button").unwrap(),
+            mixer_button: builder.get_object("mixer_button").unwrap(),
-                   toggle_signal: Cell::new(0),
+            toggle_signal: Cell::new(0),
-                   changed_signal: Cell::new(0),
+            changed_signal: Cell::new(0),
-               };
+        };
     }
 
     /// Update the popup window state, including the slider
     /// and the mute checkbutton.
-    pub fn update(&self, audio: &Audio) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn update<T>(&self, audio: &T) -> Result<()>
-        let cur_vol = audio.vol()?;
+    where
+        T: AudioFrontend,
+    {
+        let cur_vol = audio.get_vol()?;
         set_slider(&self.vol_scale_adj, cur_vol);
 
-        self.update_mute_check(&audio);
+        self.update_mute_check(audio);
 
         return Ok(());
     }
 
     /// Update the mute checkbutton.
-    pub fn update_mute_check(&self, audio: &Audio) {
+    pub fn update_mute_check<T>(&self, audio: &T)
+    where
+        T: AudioFrontend,
+    {
         let m_muted = audio.get_mute();
 
-        glib::signal_handler_block(&self.mute_check, self.toggle_signal.get());
+        glib::signal_handler_block(&self.mute_check,
+                                   &from_glib(self.toggle_signal.get()));
 
         match m_muted {
             Ok(val) => {
@@ -93,32 +101,36 @@ impl PopupWindow {
             }
         }
 
-        glib::signal_handler_unblock(&self.mute_check,
+        glib::signal_handler_unblock(
-                                     self.toggle_signal.get());
+            &self.mute_check,
+            &from_glib(self.toggle_signal.get()),
+        );
     }
 
     /// Set the page increment fro the volume scale adjustment based on the
     /// preferences.
     fn set_vol_increment(&self, prefs: &Prefs) {
-        self.vol_scale_adj
+        self.vol_scale_adj.set_page_increment(
-            .set_page_increment(prefs.behavior_prefs.vol_scroll_step);
+            prefs.behavior_prefs.vol_scroll_step,
-        self.vol_scale_adj
+        );
-            .set_step_increment(prefs.behavior_prefs.vol_fine_scroll_step);
+        self.vol_scale_adj.set_step_increment(
+            prefs.behavior_prefs.vol_fine_scroll_step,
+        );
     }
 }
 
 
 /// Initialize the popup window subsystem.
-pub fn init_popup_window(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
+pub fn init_popup_window<T>(appstate: Rc<AppS<T>>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend + 'static,
+{
     /* audio.connect_handler */
     {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
         appstate.audio.connect_handler(Box::new(move |s, u| {
             /* skip if window is hidden */
-            if !apps.gui
+            if !apps.gui.popup_window.popup_window.get_visible() {
-                    .popup_window
-                    .popup_window
-                    .get_visible() {
                 return;
             }
             match (s, u) {
@@ -130,11 +142,13 @@ pub fn init_popup_window(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
                  * and not the real value reported by the audio system.
                  */
                 (_, AudioUser::Popup) => {
-                    apps.gui.popup_window.update_mute_check(&apps.audio);
+                    apps.gui.popup_window.update_mute_check(
+                        apps.audio.as_ref(),
+                    );
                 }
                 /* external change, safe to update slider too */
                 (_, _) => {
-                    try_w!(apps.gui.popup_window.update(&apps.audio));
+                    try_w!(apps.gui.popup_window.update(apps.audio.as_ref()));
                 }
             }
         }));
@@ -143,83 +157,70 @@ pub fn init_popup_window(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
     /* mute_check.connect_toggled */
     {
         let _appstate = appstate.clone();
-        let mute_check = &appstate.clone()
+        let mute_check = &appstate.clone().gui.popup_window.mute_check;
-                              .gui
+        let toggle_signal = mute_check.connect_toggled(move |_| {
-                              .popup_window
+            on_mute_check_toggled(&_appstate)
-                              .mute_check;
+        });
-        let toggle_signal =
+        appstate.gui.popup_window.toggle_signal.set(toggle_signal.to_glib());
-            mute_check.connect_toggled(move |_| {
-                                           on_mute_check_toggled(&_appstate)
-                                       });
-        appstate.gui
-            .popup_window
-            .toggle_signal
-            .set(toggle_signal);
     }
 
     /* popup_window.connect_show */
     {
         let _appstate = appstate.clone();
-        let popup_window = &appstate.clone()
+        let popup_window = &appstate.clone().gui.popup_window.popup_window;
-                                .gui
-                                .popup_window
-                                .popup_window;
         popup_window.connect_show(move |_| on_popup_window_show(&_appstate));
     }
 
     /* vol_scale_adj.connect_value_changed */
     {
         let _appstate = appstate.clone();
-        let vol_scale_adj = &appstate.clone()
+        let vol_scale_adj = &appstate.clone().gui.popup_window.vol_scale_adj;
-                                 .gui
+        let changed_signal = vol_scale_adj.connect_value_changed(move |_| {
-                                 .popup_window
+            on_vol_scale_value_changed(&_appstate)
-                                 .vol_scale_adj;
+        });
-        let changed_signal = vol_scale_adj.connect_value_changed(
-            move |_| on_vol_scale_value_changed(&_appstate),
-        );
 
-        appstate.gui
+        appstate.gui.popup_window.changed_signal.set(changed_signal.to_glib());
-            .popup_window
-            .changed_signal
-            .set(changed_signal);
     }
 
     /* popup_window.connect_event */
     {
-        let popup_window = &appstate.clone()
+        let popup_window = &appstate.clone().gui.popup_window.popup_window;
-                                .gui
-                                .popup_window
-                                .popup_window;
         popup_window.connect_event(move |w, e| on_popup_window_event(w, e));
     }
 
     /* mixer_button.connect_clicked */
     {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
-        let mixer_button = &appstate.clone()
+        let mixer_button = &appstate.clone().gui.popup_window.mixer_button;
-                                .gui
-                                .popup_window
-                                .mixer_button;
         mixer_button.connect_clicked(move |_| {
-            apps.gui
+            apps.gui.popup_window.popup_window.hide();
-                .popup_window
+            let _ = result_warn!(
-                .popup_window
+                execute_vol_control_command(&apps.prefs.borrow()),
-                .hide();
+                Some(&apps.gui.popup_menu.menu_window)
-            try_w!(execute_vol_control_command(&apps.prefs.borrow()));
+            );
         });
     }
 }
 
 
 /// When the popup window is shown.
-fn on_popup_window_show(appstate: &AppS) {
+fn on_popup_window_show<T>(appstate: &AppS<T>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
     let popup_window = &appstate.gui.popup_window;
-    appstate.gui.popup_window.set_vol_increment(&appstate.prefs.borrow());
+    appstate.gui.popup_window.set_vol_increment(
-    glib::signal_handler_block(&popup_window.vol_scale_adj,
+        &appstate.prefs.borrow(),
-                               popup_window.changed_signal.get());
+    );
-    try_w!(appstate.gui.popup_window.update(&appstate.audio));
+    glib::signal_handler_block(
-    glib::signal_handler_unblock(&popup_window.vol_scale_adj,
+        &popup_window.vol_scale_adj,
-                                 popup_window.changed_signal.get());
+        &from_glib(popup_window.changed_signal.get()),
+    );
+    try_w!(appstate.gui.popup_window.update(appstate.audio.as_ref()));
+    glib::signal_handler_unblock(
+        &popup_window.vol_scale_adj,
+        &from_glib(popup_window.changed_signal.get()),
+    );
     popup_window.vol_scale.grab_focus();
     try_w!(grab_devices(&appstate.gui.popup_window.popup_window));
 }
@@ -256,29 +257,31 @@ fn on_popup_window_event(w: &gtk::Window, e: &gdk::Event) -> gtk::Inhibit {
 
 
 /// When the volume scale slider is moved.
-fn on_vol_scale_value_changed(appstate: &AppS) {
+fn on_vol_scale_value_changed<T>(appstate: &AppS<T>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
     let audio = &appstate.audio;
-    let old_vol = try_w!(audio.vol());
+    let old_vol = try_w!(audio.get_vol());
 
-    let val = appstate.gui
+    let val = appstate.gui.popup_window.vol_scale.get_value();
-        .popup_window
-        .vol_scale
-        .get_value();
 
     let dir = vol_change_to_voldir(old_vol, val);
 
-    try_w!(audio.set_vol(val,
+    try_w!(audio.set_vol(
-                         AudioUser::Popup,
+        val,
-                         dir,
+        AudioUser::Popup,
-                         appstate.prefs
+        dir,
-                             .borrow()
+        appstate.prefs.borrow().behavior_prefs.unmute_on_vol_change,
-                             .behavior_prefs
+    ));
-                             .unmute_on_vol_change));
 }
 
 
 /// When the mute checkbutton is toggled.
-fn on_mute_check_toggled(appstate: &AppS) {
+fn on_mute_check_toggled<T>(appstate: &AppS<T>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
     let audio = &appstate.audio;
     try_w!(audio.toggle_mute(AudioUser::Popup))
 }
@@ -297,32 +300,40 @@ fn grab_devices(window: &gtk::Window) -> Result<()> {
     let gdk_window = window.get_window().ok_or("No window?!")?;
 
     /* Grab the mouse */
-    let m_grab_status =
+    let m_grab_status = device.grab(
-        device.grab(&gdk_window,
+        &gdk_window,
-                    GrabOwnership::None,
+        GrabOwnership::None,
-                    true,
+        true,
-                    BUTTON_PRESS_MASK,
+        gdk::EventMask::BUTTON_PRESS_MASK,
-                    None,
+        None,
-                    GDK_CURRENT_TIME as u32);
+        GDK_CURRENT_TIME as u32,
+    );
 
     if m_grab_status != GrabStatus::Success {
-        warn!("Could not grab {}",
+        warn!(
-              device.get_name().unwrap_or(String::from("UNKNOWN DEVICE")));
+            "Could not grab {}",
+            device.get_name().unwrap_or(String::from("UNKNOWN DEVICE"))
+        );
     }
 
     /* Grab the keyboard */
-    let k_dev = device.get_associated_device()
+    let k_dev = device.get_associated_device().ok_or(
-        .ok_or("Couldn't get associated device")?;
+        "Couldn't get associated device",
+    )?;
 
-    let k_grab_status = k_dev.grab(&gdk_window,
+    let k_grab_status = k_dev.grab(
-                                   GrabOwnership::None,
+        &gdk_window,
-                                   true,
+        GrabOwnership::None,
-                                   KEY_PRESS_MASK,
+        true,
-                                   None,
+        gdk::EventMask::KEY_PRESS_MASK,
-                                   GDK_CURRENT_TIME as u32);
+        None,
+        GDK_CURRENT_TIME as u32,
+    );
     if k_grab_status != GrabStatus::Success {
-        warn!("Could not grab {}",
+        warn!(
-              k_dev.get_name().unwrap_or(String::from("UNKNOWN DEVICE")));
+            "Could not grab {}",
+            k_dev.get_name().unwrap_or(String::from("UNKNOWN DEVICE"))
+        );
     }
 
     return Ok(());

src/ui/prefs_dialog.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,725 @@
+//! The preferences window subsystem, when the user clicks the "Preferences"
+//! menu item on the popup menu.
+
+
+use app_state::*;
+use audio::frontend::*;
+use errors::*;
+use gdk;
+use gtk::ResponseType;
+use gtk::prelude::*;
+use gtk;
+use prefs::*;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use support::audio::*;
+use ui::hotkey_dialog::HotkeyDialog;
+
+
+
+/// The main preferences dialog, holding all the relevant subwidgets we
+/// need to convert its state to preferences and back.
+pub struct PrefsDialog {
+    _cant_construct: (),
+    prefs_dialog: gtk::Dialog,
+    notebook: gtk::Notebook,
+
+    /* DevicePrefs */
+    card_combo: gtk::ComboBoxText,
+    chan_combo: gtk::ComboBoxText,
+
+    /* ViewPrefs */
+    vol_meter_draw_check: gtk::CheckButton,
+    vol_meter_pos_spin: gtk::SpinButton,
+    vol_meter_color_button: gtk::ColorButton,
+    system_theme: gtk::CheckButton,
+
+    /* BehaviorPrefs */
+    unmute_on_vol_change: gtk::CheckButton,
+    vol_control_entry: gtk::Entry,
+    scroll_step_spin: gtk::SpinButton,
+    fine_scroll_step_spin: gtk::SpinButton,
+    middle_click_combo: gtk::ComboBoxText,
+    custom_entry: gtk::Entry,
+
+    /* NotifyPrefs */
+    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+    noti_enable_check: gtk::CheckButton,
+    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+    noti_timeout_spin: gtk::SpinButton,
+    // pub noti_hotkey_check: gtk::CheckButton,
+    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+    noti_mouse_check: gtk::CheckButton,
+    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+    noti_popup_check: gtk::CheckButton,
+    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+    noti_ext_check: gtk::CheckButton,
+    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+    noti_hotkey_check: gtk::CheckButton,
+
+    /* HotkeyPrefs */
+    hotkeys_enable_check: gtk::CheckButton,
+    hotkeys_mute_label: gtk::Label,
+    hotkeys_up_label: gtk::Label,
+    hotkeys_down_label: gtk::Label,
+
+    /* Hotkey stuff (not prefs) */
+    hotkeys_mute_eventbox: gtk::EventBox,
+    hotkeys_up_eventbox: gtk::EventBox,
+    hotkeys_down_eventbox: gtk::EventBox,
+
+    hotkey_dialog: RefCell<Option<HotkeyDialog>>,
+}
+
+impl PrefsDialog {
+    fn new() -> PrefsDialog {
+        let builder = gtk::Builder::new_from_string(include_str!(concat!(
+            env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+            "/data/ui/prefs-dialog.glade"
+        )));
+        let prefs_dialog = PrefsDialog {
+            _cant_construct: (),
+            prefs_dialog: builder.get_object("prefs_dialog").unwrap(),
+            notebook: builder.get_object("notebook").unwrap(),
+
+            /* DevicePrefs */
+            card_combo: builder.get_object("card_combo").unwrap(),
+            chan_combo: builder.get_object("chan_combo").unwrap(),
+
+            /* ViewPrefs */
+            vol_meter_draw_check: builder
+                .get_object("vol_meter_draw_check")
+                .unwrap(),
+            vol_meter_pos_spin: builder
+                .get_object("vol_meter_pos_spin")
+                .unwrap(),
+            vol_meter_color_button: builder
+                .get_object("vol_meter_color_button")
+                .unwrap(),
+            system_theme: builder.get_object("system_theme").unwrap(),
+
+            /* BehaviorPrefs */
+            unmute_on_vol_change: builder
+                .get_object("unmute_on_vol_change")
+                .unwrap(),
+            vol_control_entry: builder.get_object("vol_control_entry").unwrap(),
+            scroll_step_spin: builder.get_object("scroll_step_spin").unwrap(),
+            fine_scroll_step_spin: builder
+                .get_object("fine_scroll_step_spin")
+                .unwrap(),
+            middle_click_combo: builder
+                .get_object("middle_click_combo")
+                .unwrap(),
+            custom_entry: builder.get_object("custom_entry").unwrap(),
+
+            /* NotifyPrefs */
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            noti_enable_check: builder.get_object("noti_enable_check").unwrap(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            noti_timeout_spin: builder.get_object("noti_timeout_spin").unwrap(),
+            // noti_hotkey_check: builder.get_object("noti_hotkey_check").unwrap(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            noti_mouse_check: builder.get_object("noti_mouse_check").unwrap(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            noti_popup_check: builder.get_object("noti_popup_check").unwrap(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            noti_ext_check: builder.get_object("noti_ext_check").unwrap(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            noti_hotkey_check: builder.get_object("noti_hotkey_check").unwrap(),
+
+            /* HotkeyPrefs */
+            hotkeys_enable_check: builder
+                .get_object("hotkeys_enable_check")
+                .unwrap(),
+            hotkeys_mute_label: builder
+                .get_object("hotkeys_mute_label")
+                .unwrap(),
+            hotkeys_up_label: builder.get_object("hotkeys_up_label").unwrap(),
+            hotkeys_down_label: builder
+                .get_object("hotkeys_down_label")
+                .unwrap(),
+
+            /* Hotkey stuff (not prefs) */
+            hotkeys_mute_eventbox: builder
+                .get_object("hotkeys_mute_eventbox")
+                .unwrap(),
+            hotkeys_up_eventbox: builder
+                .get_object("hotkeys_up_eventbox")
+                .unwrap(),
+            hotkeys_down_eventbox: builder
+                .get_object("hotkeys_down_eventbox")
+                .unwrap(),
+            hotkey_dialog: RefCell::new(None),
+        };
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+        let notify_tab: gtk::Box =
+            builder.get_object("noti_vbox_enabled").unwrap();
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "notify"))]
+        let notify_tab: gtk::Box =
+            builder.get_object("noti_vbox_disabled").unwrap();
+
+        prefs_dialog.notebook.append_page(
+            &notify_tab,
+            Some(&gtk::Label::new(Some("Notifications"))),
+        );
+        return prefs_dialog;
+    }
+
+
+    /// Import the given preferences into the preferences dialog state.
+    fn from_prefs(&self, prefs: &Prefs) {
+        /* DevicePrefs */
+        /* filled on show signal with audio info */
+        self.card_combo.remove_all();
+        self.chan_combo.remove_all();
+
+        /* ViewPrefs */
+        self.vol_meter_draw_check.set_active(
+            prefs.view_prefs.draw_vol_meter,
+        );
+        self.vol_meter_pos_spin.set_value(
+            prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_offset as
+                f64,
+        );
+
+        let rgba = gdk::RGBA {
+            red: prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.red,
+            green: prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.green,
+            blue: prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.blue,
+            alpha: 1.0,
+        };
+        self.vol_meter_color_button.set_rgba(&rgba);
+        self.system_theme.set_active(prefs.view_prefs.system_theme);
+
+        /* BehaviorPrefs */
+        self.unmute_on_vol_change.set_active(
+            prefs
+                .behavior_prefs
+                .unmute_on_vol_change,
+        );
+        self.vol_control_entry.set_text(
+            prefs
+                .behavior_prefs
+                .vol_control_cmd
+                .as_ref()
+                .unwrap_or(&String::from(""))
+                .as_str(),
+        );
+        self.scroll_step_spin.set_value(
+            prefs.behavior_prefs.vol_scroll_step,
+        );
+        self.fine_scroll_step_spin.set_value(
+            prefs
+                .behavior_prefs
+                .vol_fine_scroll_step,
+        );
+
+        // TODO: make sure these values always match, must be a better way
+        //       also check to_prefs()
+        self.middle_click_combo.append_text("Toggle Mute");
+        self.middle_click_combo.append_text("Show Preferences");
+        self.middle_click_combo.append_text("Volume Control");
+        self.middle_click_combo.append_text(
+            "Custom Command (set below)",
+        );
+        self.middle_click_combo.set_active(
+            prefs
+                .behavior_prefs
+                .middle_click_action
+                .into(),
+        );
+        self.custom_entry.set_text(
+            prefs
+                .behavior_prefs
+                .custom_command
+                .as_ref()
+                .unwrap_or(&String::from(""))
+                .as_str(),
+        );
+
+        /* NotifyPrefs */
+        #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+        {
+            self.noti_enable_check.set_active(
+                prefs
+                    .notify_prefs
+                    .enable_notifications,
+            );
+            self.noti_timeout_spin.set_value(
+                prefs.notify_prefs.notifcation_timeout as
+                    f64,
+            );
+            self.noti_mouse_check.set_active(
+                prefs.notify_prefs.notify_mouse_scroll,
+            );
+            self.noti_popup_check.set_active(
+                prefs.notify_prefs.notify_popup,
+            );
+            self.noti_ext_check.set_active(
+                prefs.notify_prefs.notify_external,
+            );
+            self.noti_hotkey_check.set_active(
+                prefs.notify_prefs.notify_hotkeys,
+            );
+        }
+
+        /* hotkey prefs */
+        self.hotkeys_enable_check.set_active(
+            prefs.hotkey_prefs.enable_hotkeys,
+        );
+        self.hotkeys_mute_label.set_text(
+            prefs
+                .hotkey_prefs
+                .mute_unmute_key
+                .clone()
+                .unwrap_or(String::from("(None)"))
+                .as_str(),
+        );
+        self.hotkeys_up_label.set_text(
+            prefs
+                .hotkey_prefs
+                .vol_up_key
+                .clone()
+                .unwrap_or(String::from("(None)"))
+                .as_str(),
+        );
+        self.hotkeys_down_label.set_text(
+            prefs
+                .hotkey_prefs
+                .vol_down_key
+                .clone()
+                .unwrap_or(String::from("(None)"))
+                .as_str(),
+        );
+    }
+
+
+    /// Export the dialog state to the `Prefs` struct, which can be used
+    /// to write them to the config file.
+    fn to_prefs(&self) -> Prefs {
+        let card = self.card_combo.get_active_text();
+        let channel = self.chan_combo.get_active_text();
+
+        if card.is_none() || channel.is_none() {
+            return Prefs::default();
+        }
+
+        let device_prefs = DevicePrefs {
+            card: self.card_combo.get_active_text().unwrap(),
+            channel: self.chan_combo.get_active_text().unwrap(),
+        };
+
+        let vol_meter_color = VolColor {
+            red: (self.vol_meter_color_button.get_rgba().red),
+            green: (self.vol_meter_color_button.get_rgba().green),
+            blue: (self.vol_meter_color_button.get_rgba().blue),
+        };
+
+        let view_prefs = ViewPrefs {
+            draw_vol_meter: self.vol_meter_draw_check.get_active(),
+            vol_meter_offset: self.vol_meter_pos_spin.get_value_as_int(),
+            system_theme: self.system_theme.get_active(),
+            vol_meter_color,
+        };
+
+        let vol_control_cmd = self.vol_control_entry.get_text().and_then(|x| {
+            if x.is_empty() { None } else { Some(x) }
+        });
+
+        let custom_command =
+            self.custom_entry.get_text().and_then(|x| if x.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(x)
+            });
+
+        let behavior_prefs = BehaviorPrefs {
+            unmute_on_vol_change: self.unmute_on_vol_change.get_active(),
+            vol_control_cmd,
+            vol_scroll_step: self.scroll_step_spin.get_value(),
+            vol_fine_scroll_step: self.fine_scroll_step_spin.get_value(),
+            middle_click_action: self.middle_click_combo.get_active().into(),
+            custom_command,
+        };
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+        let notify_prefs = NotifyPrefs {
+            enable_notifications: self.noti_enable_check.get_active(),
+            notifcation_timeout: self.noti_timeout_spin.get_value_as_int() as
+                i64,
+            notify_mouse_scroll: self.noti_mouse_check.get_active(),
+            notify_popup: self.noti_popup_check.get_active(),
+            notify_external: self.noti_ext_check.get_active(),
+            notify_hotkeys: self.noti_hotkey_check.get_active(),
+        };
+
+        let hotkey_prefs =
+            HotkeyPrefs {
+                enable_hotkeys: self.hotkeys_enable_check.get_active(),
+                mute_unmute_key: self.hotkeys_mute_label.get_text().and_then(
+                    |s| {
+                        if s == "(None)" { None } else { Some(s) }
+                    },
+                ),
+                vol_up_key: self.hotkeys_up_label.get_text().and_then(
+                    |s| if s ==
+                        "(None)"
+                    {
+                        None
+                    } else {
+                        Some(s)
+                    },
+                ),
+                vol_down_key: self.hotkeys_down_label.get_text().and_then(
+                    |s| if s ==
+                        "(None)"
+                    {
+                        None
+                    } else {
+                        Some(s)
+                    },
+                ),
+            };
+
+        return Prefs {
+            device_prefs,
+            view_prefs,
+            behavior_prefs,
+            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
+            notify_prefs,
+            hotkey_prefs,
+        };
+
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Show the preferences dialog. This is created and destroyed dynamically
+/// and not persistent across the application lifetime.
+pub fn show_prefs_dialog<T>(appstate: &Rc<AppS<T>>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend + 'static,
+{
+    if appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow().is_some() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    *appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow_mut() = Some(PrefsDialog::new());
+    init_prefs_dialog(&appstate);
+    {
+        let m_pd = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+        let prefs_dialog = &m_pd.as_ref().unwrap();
+        let prefs_dialog_w = &prefs_dialog.prefs_dialog;
+
+        prefs_dialog.from_prefs(&appstate.prefs.borrow());
+
+        prefs_dialog_w.set_transient_for(&appstate.gui.popup_menu.menu_window);
+        prefs_dialog_w.present();
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Initialize the internal prefs dialog handler that connects to the audio
+/// system.
+pub fn init_prefs_callback<T>(appstate: Rc<AppS<T>>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend + 'static,
+{
+    let apps = appstate.clone();
+    appstate.audio.connect_handler(Box::new(move |s, u| {
+        /* skip if prefs window is not present */
+        if apps.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow().is_none() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        match (s, u) {
+            (AudioSignal::CardInitialized, _) => (),
+            (AudioSignal::CardCleanedUp, _) => {
+                fill_card_combo(&apps);
+                fill_chan_combo(&apps, None);
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    }));
+}
+
+
+/// Initialize the preferences dialog gtk callbacks.
+fn init_prefs_dialog<T>(appstate: &Rc<AppS<T>>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend + 'static,
+{
+
+    /* prefs_dialog.connect_show */
+    {
+        let apps = appstate.clone();
+        let m_pd = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+        let pd = m_pd.as_ref().unwrap();
+        pd.prefs_dialog.connect_show(move |_| {
+            fill_card_combo(&apps);
+            fill_chan_combo(&apps, None);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /* card_combo.connect_changed */
+    {
+        let apps = appstate.clone();
+        let m_cc = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+        let card_combo = &m_cc.as_ref().unwrap().card_combo;
+
+        card_combo.connect_changed(move |_| {
+            let m_cc = apps.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+            let card_combo = &m_cc.as_ref().unwrap().card_combo;
+            let card_name = card_combo.get_active_text().unwrap();
+            fill_chan_combo(&apps, Some(card_name));
+            return;
+        });
+    }
+
+    /* prefs_dialog.connect_response */
+    {
+        let apps = appstate.clone();
+        let m_pd = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+        let pd = m_pd.as_ref().unwrap();
+        pd.prefs_dialog.connect_response(move |_, response_id| {
+
+            if response_id == ResponseType::Ok.into() ||
+                response_id == ResponseType::Apply.into()
+            {
+                let mut prefs = apps.prefs.borrow_mut();
+                let prefs_dialog = apps.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+                *prefs = prefs_dialog.as_ref().unwrap().to_prefs();
+
+            }
+
+            if response_id != ResponseType::Apply.into() {
+                let mut prefs_dialog = apps.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow_mut();
+                prefs_dialog.as_ref().unwrap().prefs_dialog.destroy();
+                *prefs_dialog = None;
+            }
+
+            if response_id == ResponseType::Ok.into() ||
+                response_id == ResponseType::Apply.into()
+            {
+                try_w!(apps.update_popup_window());
+                try_w!(apps.update_tray_icon());
+                let _ = result_warn!(
+                    apps.update_hotkeys(),
+                    Some(&apps.gui.popup_menu.menu_window)
+                );
+                apps.update_notify();
+                try_w!(apps.update_audio(AudioUser::PrefsWindow));
+                let _ = result_warn!(
+                    apps.update_config(),
+                    Some(&apps.gui.popup_menu.menu_window)
+                );
+            }
+
+        });
+    }
+
+    /* prefs_dialog.hotkeys_mute_eventbox */
+    {
+        let apps = appstate.clone();
+        let m_pd = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+        let pd = m_pd.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+        pd.hotkeys_mute_eventbox.connect_button_press_event(
+            move |w, e| {
+                return Inhibit(
+                    on_hotkey_event_box_button_press_event(&apps, &w, e),
+                );
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    /* prefs_dialog.hotkeys_up_eventbox */
+    {
+        let apps = appstate.clone();
+        let m_pd = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+        let pd = m_pd.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+        pd.hotkeys_up_eventbox.connect_button_press_event(
+            move |w, e| {
+                return Inhibit(
+                    on_hotkey_event_box_button_press_event(&apps, &w, e),
+                );
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    /* prefs_dialog.hotkeys_down_eventbox */
+    {
+        let apps = appstate.clone();
+        let m_pd = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+        let pd = m_pd.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+        pd.hotkeys_down_eventbox.connect_button_press_event(
+            move |w, e| {
+                return Inhibit(
+                    on_hotkey_event_box_button_press_event(&apps, &w, e),
+                );
+            },
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Fill the card combo box in the Devices tab.
+fn fill_card_combo<T>(appstate: &AppS<T>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
+    let m_cc = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+    let card_combo = &m_cc.as_ref().unwrap().card_combo;
+    card_combo.remove_all();
+    let audio = &appstate.audio;
+
+    /* set card combo */
+    let cur_card_name =
+        try_w!(audio.card_name(), "Can't get current card name!");
+    let available_card_names = get_playable_card_names();
+
+    /* set_active_id doesn't work, so save the index */
+    let mut c_index: i32 = -1;
+    for i in 0..available_card_names.len() {
+        let name = available_card_names.get(i).unwrap();
+        if *name == cur_card_name {
+            c_index = i as i32;
+        }
+        card_combo.append_text(&name);
+    }
+
+    // TODO, block signal?
+    card_combo.set_active(c_index);
+}
+
+
+/// Fill the channel combo box in the Devices tab.
+fn fill_chan_combo<T>(appstate: &AppS<T>, cardname: Option<String>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
+    let m_cc = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+    let chan_combo = &m_cc.as_ref().unwrap().chan_combo;
+    chan_combo.remove_all();
+
+    let audio = &appstate.audio;
+    let available_chan_names = match cardname {
+        Some(name) => get_playable_chan_names(name),
+        None => audio.playable_chan_names(),
+    };
+
+    /* set chan combo */
+    let cur_chan_name = try_w!(audio.chan_name());
+
+    /* set_active_id doesn't work, so save the index */
+    let mut c_index: i32 = -1;
+    for i in 0..available_chan_names.len() {
+        let name = available_chan_names.get(i).unwrap();
+        if *name == cur_chan_name {
+            c_index = i as i32;
+        }
+        chan_combo.append_text(&name);
+    }
+
+    /* TODO, block signal?`*/
+    chan_combo.set_active(c_index);
+
+}
+
+
+fn on_hotkey_event_box_button_press_event<T>(
+    appstate: &AppS<T>,
+    widget: &gtk::EventBox,
+    event: &gdk::EventButton,
+) -> bool
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
+    let borrow = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
+    let prefs_dialog = &borrow.as_ref().unwrap();
+    /* we want a left-click */
+    if event.get_button() != 1 {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* we want it to be double-click */
+    if event.get_event_type() != gdk::EventType::DoubleButtonPress {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    let (hotkey_label, hotkey) = {
+        if *widget == prefs_dialog.hotkeys_mute_eventbox {
+            (
+                prefs_dialog.hotkeys_mute_label.clone(),
+                String::from("Mute/Unmute"),
+            )
+        } else if *widget == prefs_dialog.hotkeys_up_eventbox {
+            (
+                prefs_dialog.hotkeys_up_label.clone(),
+                String::from("Volume Up"),
+            )
+        } else if *widget == prefs_dialog.hotkeys_down_eventbox {
+            (
+                prefs_dialog.hotkeys_down_label.clone(),
+                String::from("Volume Down"),
+            )
+        } else {
+            warn!("Unknown hotkey eventbox");
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+
+    /* Ensure there's no dialog already running */
+    if prefs_dialog.hotkey_dialog.borrow().is_some() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* Unbind hotkeys */
+    appstate.hotkeys.borrow().unbind();
+
+    /* Run the hotkey dialog */
+    let hotkey_dialog = &prefs_dialog.hotkey_dialog;
+    *hotkey_dialog.borrow_mut() =
+        Some(HotkeyDialog::new(&prefs_dialog.prefs_dialog, hotkey));
+    let key_pressed = hotkey_dialog.borrow().as_ref().unwrap().run();
+    *hotkey_dialog.borrow_mut() = None;
+
+    /* Bind hotkeys */
+    appstate.hotkeys.borrow().bind();
+
+    /* Check the response */
+    match key_pressed {
+        Ok(k) => {
+            println!("k: {}", k);
+            if k.eq_ignore_ascii_case("<Primary>c") {
+                hotkey_label.set_text("(None)");
+            } else {
+                hotkey_label.set_text(k.as_str());
+            }
+        }
+        Err(Error(ErrorKind::GtkResponseCancel(msg), _)) => {
+            info!("{}", ErrorKind::GtkResponseCancel(msg));
+            return false;
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            // Could not grab hotkey, most likely
+            error_dialog!(
+                e.description(),
+                Some(&appstate.gui.popup_menu.menu_window)
+            );
+            warn!("{}", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}

src/ui/tray_icon.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 
 use app_state::*;
-use audio::*;
+use audio::frontend::*;
 use errors::*;
 use gdk;
 use gdk_pixbuf;
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ use prefs::{Prefs, MiddleClickAction};
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use support_cmd::*;
+use support::cmd::*;
-use support_ui::*;
+use support::ui::*;
-use ui_prefs_dialog::show_prefs_dialog;
+use ui::prefs_dialog::show_prefs_dialog;
 
 
 
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ pub struct TrayIcon {
 impl TrayIcon {
     /// Constructor. `audio_pix` is initialized as empty GdkPixbuf, to save
     /// one iteration of png decoding (`update_all()` is triggered immediately
-    /// on startup through `tray_icon.connect_size_changed`.
+    /// on startup through `tray_icon.connect_size_changed` usually,
+    /// otherwise we have to trigger it manually).
     pub fn new(prefs: &Prefs) -> Result<TrayIcon> {
         let draw_vol_meter = prefs.view_prefs.draw_vol_meter;
 
@@ -62,21 +63,22 @@ impl TrayIcon {
         let status_icon = gtk::StatusIcon::new();
 
         return Ok(TrayIcon {
-                      _cant_construct: (),
+            _cant_construct: (),
-                      volmeter,
+            volmeter,
-                      audio_pix: RefCell::new(audio_pix),
+            audio_pix: RefCell::new(audio_pix),
-                      status_icon,
+            status_icon,
-                      icon_size: Cell::new(ICON_MIN_SIZE),
+            icon_size: Cell::new(ICON_MIN_SIZE),
-                  });
+        });
     }
 
 
     /// Update the volume meter Pixbuf, which is drawn on top of the
     /// actual Pixbuf.
-    fn update_vol_meter(&self,
+    fn update_vol_meter(
-                        cur_vol: f64,
+        &self,
-                        vol_level: VolLevel)
+        cur_vol: f64,
-                        -> Result<()> {
+        vol_level: VolLevel,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         let audio_pix = self.audio_pix.borrow();
         let pixbuf = audio_pix.select_pix(vol_level);
 
@@ -95,16 +97,16 @@ impl TrayIcon {
 
 
     /// Update the tooltip of the tray icon.
-    fn update_tooltip(&self, audio: &Audio) {
+    fn update_tooltip<T>(&self, audio: &T)
-        let cardname = audio.acard
+    where
-            .borrow()
+        T: AudioFrontend,
-            .card_name()
+    {
-            .unwrap_or(String::from("Unknown card"));
+        let cardname =
-        let channame = audio.acard
+            audio.card_name().unwrap_or(String::from("Unknown card"));
-            .borrow()
+        let channame =
-            .chan_name()
+            audio.chan_name().unwrap_or(String::from("unknown channel"));
-            .unwrap_or(String::from("unknown channel"));
+        let vol = audio
-        let vol = audio.vol()
+            .get_vol()
             .map(|s| format!("{}", s.round()))
             .unwrap_or(String::from("unknown volume"));
         let mute_info = {
@@ -116,21 +118,28 @@ impl TrayIcon {
                 ""
             }
         };
-        self.status_icon.set_tooltip_text(format!("{} ({})\nVolume: {}{}",
+        self.status_icon.set_tooltip_text(
-                                                  cardname,
+            format!(
-                                                  channame,
+                "{} ({})\nVolume: {}{}",
-                                                  vol,
+                cardname,
-                                                  mute_info)
+                channame,
-                                                  .as_str());
+                vol,
+                mute_info
+            ).as_str(),
+        );
     }
 
 
     /// Update the whole tray icon state.
-    pub fn update_all(&self,
+    pub fn update_all<T>(
-                      prefs: &Prefs,
+        &self,
-                      audio: &Audio,
+        prefs: &Prefs,
-                      m_size: Option<i32>)
+        audio: &T,
-                      -> Result<()> {
+        m_size: Option<i32>,
+    ) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        T: AudioFrontend,
+    {
         match m_size {
             Some(s) => {
                 if s < ICON_MIN_SIZE {
@@ -152,8 +161,8 @@ impl TrayIcon {
             *self.volmeter.borrow_mut() = Some(volmeter);
         }
 
-        self.update_tooltip(&audio);
+        self.update_tooltip(audio);
-        return self.update_vol_meter(audio.vol()?, audio.vol_level());
+        return self.update_vol_meter(audio.get_vol()?, audio.vol_level());
     }
 }
 
@@ -177,50 +186,61 @@ impl VolMeter {
     /// Constructor. `width` and `row` are initialized with default values.
     fn new(prefs: &Prefs) -> VolMeter {
         return VolMeter {
-                   red: (prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.red * 255.0) as u8,
+            red: (prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.red * 255.0) as u8,
-                   green: (prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.green * 255.0) as
+            green: (prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.green * 255.0) as u8,
-                          u8,
+            blue: (prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.blue * 255.0) as u8,
-                   blue: (prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.blue * 255.0) as u8,
+            x_offset_pct: prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_offset as i64,
-                   x_offset_pct: prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_offset as i64,
+            y_offset_pct: 10,
-                   y_offset_pct: 10,
+            /* dynamic */
-                   /* dynamic */
+            width: Cell::new(0),
-                   width: Cell::new(0),
+            row: RefCell::new(vec![]),
-                   row: RefCell::new(vec![]),
+        };
-               };
     }
 
     // TODO: cache input pixbuf?
     /// Draw the volume meter on top of the actual tray icon Pixbuf.
-    fn meter_draw(&self,
+    fn meter_draw(
-                  volume: i64,
+        &self,
-                  pixbuf: &gdk_pixbuf::Pixbuf)
+        volume: i64,
-                  -> Result<gdk_pixbuf::Pixbuf> {
+        pixbuf: &gdk_pixbuf::Pixbuf,
+    ) -> Result<gdk_pixbuf::Pixbuf> {
 
-        ensure!(pixbuf.get_colorspace() == gdk_pixbuf_sys::GDK_COLORSPACE_RGB,
+        ensure!(
-                "Invalid colorspace in pixbuf");
+            pixbuf.get_colorspace() == gdk_pixbuf_sys::GDK_COLORSPACE_RGB,
-        ensure!(pixbuf.get_bits_per_sample() == 8,
+            "Invalid colorspace in pixbuf"
-                "Invalid bits per sample in pixbuf");
+        );
+        ensure!(
+            pixbuf.get_bits_per_sample() == 8,
+            "Invalid bits per sample in pixbuf"
+        );
         ensure!(pixbuf.get_has_alpha(), "No alpha channel in pixbuf");
-        ensure!(pixbuf.get_n_channels() == 4,
+        ensure!(
-                "Invalid number of channels in pixbuf");
+            pixbuf.get_n_channels() == 4,
+            "Invalid number of channels in pixbuf"
+        );
 
         let i_width = pixbuf.get_width() as i64;
         let i_height = pixbuf.get_height() as i64;
 
-        let new_pixbuf = copy_pixbuf(pixbuf);
+        let new_pixbuf = pixbuf.copy();
 
         let vm_width = i_width / 6;
         let x = (self.x_offset_pct as f64 *
-                 ((i_width - vm_width) as f64 / 100.0)) as i64;
+                     ((i_width - vm_width) as f64 / 100.0)) as
-        ensure!(x >= 0 && (x + vm_width) <= i_width,
+            i64;
-                "x coordinate invalid: {}",
+        ensure!(
-                x);
+            x >= 0 && (x + vm_width) <= i_width,
+            "x coordinate invalid: {}",
+            x
+        );
         let y = (self.y_offset_pct as f64 * (i_height as f64 / 100.0)) as i64;
         let vm_height =
             ((i_height - (y * 2)) as f64 * (volume as f64 / 100.0)) as i64;
-        ensure!(y >= 0 && (y + vm_height) <= i_height,
+        ensure!(
-                "y coordinate invalid: {}",
+            y >= 0 && (y + vm_height) <= i_height,
-                y);
+            "y coordinate invalid: {}",
+            y
+        );
 
         /* Let's check if the icon width changed, in which case we
          * must reinit our internal row of pixels.
@@ -256,8 +276,9 @@ impl VolMeter {
                 let p_index = ((row_offset * rowstride) + col_offset) as usize;
 
                 let row = self.row.borrow();
-                pixels[p_index..p_index + row.len()]
+                pixels[p_index..p_index + row.len()].copy_from_slice(
-                    .copy_from_slice(row.as_ref());
+                    row.as_ref(),
+                );
 
             }
         }
@@ -282,22 +303,22 @@ pub struct AudioPix {
 
 impl Default for AudioPix {
     fn default() -> AudioPix {
-        let dummy_pixbuf =
+        let dummy_pixbuf = unsafe {
-            unsafe {
+            gdk_pixbuf::Pixbuf::new(
-                gdk_pixbuf::Pixbuf::new(gdk_pixbuf_sys::GDK_COLORSPACE_RGB,
+                gdk_pixbuf_sys::GDK_COLORSPACE_RGB,
-                                        false,
+                false,
-                                        8,
+                8,
-                                        1,
+                1,
-                                        1)
+                1,
-                        .unwrap()
+            ).unwrap()
-            };
+        };
         return AudioPix {
-                   muted: dummy_pixbuf.clone(),
+            muted: dummy_pixbuf.clone(),
-                   low: dummy_pixbuf.clone(),
+            low: dummy_pixbuf.clone(),
-                   medium: dummy_pixbuf.clone(),
+            medium: dummy_pixbuf.clone(),
-                   high: dummy_pixbuf.clone(),
+            high: dummy_pixbuf.clone(),
-                   off: dummy_pixbuf.clone(),
+            off: dummy_pixbuf.clone(),
-               };
+        };
     }
 }
 
@@ -351,11 +372,21 @@ impl AudioPix {
                 }
             } else {
                 AudioPix {
-                    muted: pixbuf_new_from_png!("../data/pixmaps/pnmixer-muted.png")?,
+                    muted: pixbuf_new_from_png!(
-                    low: pixbuf_new_from_png!("../data/pixmaps/pnmixer-low.png")?,
+                        "../../data/pixmaps/pnmixer-muted.png"
-                    medium: pixbuf_new_from_png!("../data/pixmaps/pnmixer-medium.png")?,
+                    )?,
-                    high: pixbuf_new_from_png!("../data/pixmaps/pnmixer-high.png")?,
+                    low: pixbuf_new_from_png!(
-                    off: pixbuf_new_from_png!("../data/pixmaps/pnmixer-off.png")?,
+                        "../../data/pixmaps/pnmixer-low.png"
+                    )?,
+                    medium: pixbuf_new_from_png!(
+                        "../../data/pixmaps/pnmixer-medium.png"
+                    )?,
+                    high: pixbuf_new_from_png!(
+                        "../../data/pixmaps/pnmixer-high.png"
+                    )?,
+                    off: pixbuf_new_from_png!(
+                        "../../data/pixmaps/pnmixer-off.png"
+                    )?,
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -377,7 +408,10 @@ impl AudioPix {
 
 
 /// Initialize the tray icon subsystem.
-pub fn init_tray_icon(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
+pub fn init_tray_icon<T>(appstate: Rc<AppS<T>>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend + 'static,
+{
     let tray_icon = &appstate.gui.tray_icon;
 
     tray_icon.status_icon.set_visible(true);
@@ -385,24 +419,31 @@ pub fn init_tray_icon(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
     /* connect audio handler */
     {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
-        appstate.audio.connect_handler(Box::new(move |s, u| match (s, u) {
+        appstate.audio.connect_handler(
-                                                    (_, _) => {
+            Box::new(move |s, u| match (s, u) {
-            apps.gui.tray_icon.update_tooltip(&apps.audio);
+                (_, _) => {
-            try_w!(apps.gui.tray_icon.update_vol_meter(try_w!(apps.audio
+                    apps.gui.tray_icon.update_tooltip(apps.audio.as_ref());
-                                                                  .vol()),
+                    try_w!(apps.gui.tray_icon.update_vol_meter(
-                                                       apps.audio.vol_level()));
+                        try_w!(apps.audio.get_vol()),
-        }
+                        apps.audio.vol_level(),
-                                                }));
+                    ));
+                }
+            }),
+        );
     }
 
     /* tray_icon.connect_size_changed */
     {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
         tray_icon.status_icon.connect_size_changed(move |_, size| {
-            try_wr!(apps.gui.tray_icon.update_all(&apps.prefs.borrow_mut(),
+            try_wr!(
-                                                  &apps.audio,
+                apps.gui.tray_icon.update_all(
-                                                  Some(size)),
+                    &apps.prefs.borrow_mut(),
-                    false);
+                    apps.audio.as_ref(),
+                    Some(size),
+                ),
+                false
+            );
             return false;
         });
     }
@@ -410,9 +451,9 @@ pub fn init_tray_icon(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
     /* tray_icon.connect_activate */
     {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
-        tray_icon.status_icon.connect_activate(move |_| {
+        tray_icon.status_icon.connect_activate(
-                                                   on_tray_icon_activate(&apps)
+            move |_| on_tray_icon_activate(&apps),
-                                               });
+        );
     }
 
     /* tray_icon.connect_scroll_event */
@@ -443,19 +484,25 @@ pub fn init_tray_icon(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
     {
         let apps = appstate.clone();
         let default_theme = try_w!(gtk::IconTheme::get_default().ok_or(
-                        "Couldn't get default icon theme",
+            "Couldn't get default icon theme",
-                    ));
+        ));
         default_theme.connect_changed(move |_| {
             let tray_icon = &apps.gui.tray_icon;
-            let audio = &apps.audio;
+            try_e!(tray_icon.update_all(
-            try_e!(tray_icon.update_all(&apps.prefs.borrow_mut(), &audio, None));
+                &apps.prefs.borrow_mut(),
+                apps.audio.as_ref(),
+                None,
+            ));
         });
     }
 }
 
 
 /// When the tray icon is activated.
-fn on_tray_icon_activate(appstate: &AppS) {
+fn on_tray_icon_activate<T>(appstate: &AppS<T>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
     let popup_window = &appstate.gui.popup_window.popup_window;
 
     if popup_window.get_visible() {
@@ -467,7 +514,10 @@ fn on_tray_icon_activate(appstate: &AppS) {
 
 
 /// When the popup menu is shown, hide the popup window, if any.
-fn on_tray_icon_popup_menu(appstate: &AppS) {
+fn on_tray_icon_popup_menu<T>(appstate: &AppS<T>)
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
     let popup_window = &appstate.gui.popup_window.popup_window;
     let popup_menu = &appstate.gui.popup_menu.menu;
 
@@ -478,27 +528,41 @@ fn on_tray_icon_popup_menu(appstate: &AppS) {
 
 /// When the mouse scroll event happens while the mouse pointer is
 /// on the tray icon.
-fn on_tray_icon_scroll_event(appstate: &AppS,
+fn on_tray_icon_scroll_event<T>(
-                             event: &gdk::EventScroll)
+    appstate: &AppS<T>,
-                             -> bool {
+    event: &gdk::EventScroll,
+) -> bool
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend,
+{
 
     let scroll_dir: gdk::ScrollDirection = event.get_direction();
     match scroll_dir {
         gdk::ScrollDirection::Up => {
-            try_wr!(appstate.audio.increase_vol(AudioUser::TrayIcon,
+            try_wr!(
-                                                appstate.prefs
+                appstate.audio.increase_vol(
-                                                    .borrow()
+                    AudioUser::TrayIcon,
-                                                    .behavior_prefs
+                    appstate
-                                                    .unmute_on_vol_change),
+                        .prefs
-                    false);
+                        .borrow()
+                        .behavior_prefs
+                        .unmute_on_vol_change,
+                ),
+                false
+            );
         }
         gdk::ScrollDirection::Down => {
-            try_wr!(appstate.audio.decrease_vol(AudioUser::TrayIcon,
+            try_wr!(
-                                                appstate.prefs
+                appstate.audio.decrease_vol(
-                                                    .borrow()
+                    AudioUser::TrayIcon,
-                                                    .behavior_prefs
+                    appstate
-                                                    .unmute_on_vol_change),
+                        .prefs
-                    false);
+                        .borrow()
+                        .behavior_prefs
+                        .unmute_on_vol_change,
+                ),
+                false
+            );
         }
         _ => (),
     }
@@ -510,9 +574,13 @@ fn on_tray_icon_scroll_event(appstate: &AppS,
 /// Basically when the tray icon is clicked (although we connect to the `release`
 /// event). This decides whether it was a left, right or middle-click and
 /// takes appropriate actions.
-fn on_tray_button_release_event(appstate: &Rc<AppS>,
+fn on_tray_button_release_event<T>(
-                                event_button: &gdk::EventButton)
+    appstate: &Rc<AppS<T>>,
-                                -> bool {
+    event_button: &gdk::EventButton,
+) -> bool
+where
+    T: AudioFrontend + 'static,
+{
     let button = event_button.get_button();
 
     if button != 2 {
@@ -528,18 +596,25 @@ fn on_tray_button_release_event(appstate: &Rc<AppS>,
     match middle_click_action {
         &MiddleClickAction::ToggleMute => {
             if audio.has_mute() {
-                try_wr!(audio.toggle_mute(AudioUser::Popup), false);
+                try_wr!(audio.toggle_mute(AudioUser::TrayIcon), false);
             }
         }
         // TODO
         &MiddleClickAction::ShowPreferences => show_prefs_dialog(&appstate),
         &MiddleClickAction::VolumeControl => {
-            try_wr!(execute_vol_control_command(&appstate.prefs.borrow()),
+            let _ = result_warn!(
-                    false);
+                execute_vol_control_command(&appstate.prefs.borrow()),
+                Some(&appstate.gui.popup_menu.menu_window)
+            );
         }
         &MiddleClickAction::CustomCommand => {
             match custom_command {
-                &Some(ref cmd) => try_wr!(execute_command(cmd.as_str()), false),
+                &Some(ref cmd) => {
+                    let _ = result_warn!(
+                        execute_command(cmd.as_str()),
+                        Some(&appstate.gui.popup_menu.menu_window)
+                    );
+                }
                 &None => warn!("No custom command found"),
             }
         }

src/ui_entry.rs

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-//! Global GUI state.
-
-
-use app_state::*;
-use audio::{AudioUser, AudioSignal};
-use gtk::DialogExt;
-use gtk::MessageDialogExt;
-use gtk::WidgetExt;
-use gtk::WindowExt;
-use gtk;
-use gtk_sys::GTK_RESPONSE_YES;
-use prefs::*;
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::rc::Rc;
-use support_audio::*;
-use ui_popup_menu::*;
-use ui_popup_window::*;
-use ui_prefs_dialog::*;
-use ui_tray_icon::*;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-use notif::*;
-
-
-
-/// The GUI struct mostly describing the main widgets (mostly wrapped)
-/// the user interacts with.
-pub struct Gui {
-    _cant_construct: (),
-    /// The tray icon.
-    pub tray_icon: TrayIcon,
-    /// The popup window.
-    pub popup_window: PopupWindow,
-    /// The popup menu.
-    pub popup_menu: PopupMenu,
-    /* prefs_dialog is dynamically created and destroyed */
-    /// The preferences dialog.
-    pub prefs_dialog: RefCell<Option<PrefsDialog>>,
-}
-
-impl Gui {
-    /// Constructor. The prefs dialog is initialized as `None`.
-    pub fn new(builder_popup_window: gtk::Builder,
-               builder_popup_menu: gtk::Builder,
-               prefs: &Prefs)
-               -> Gui {
-        return Gui {
-                   _cant_construct: (),
-                   tray_icon: TrayIcon::new(prefs).unwrap(),
-                   popup_window: PopupWindow::new(builder_popup_window),
-                   popup_menu: PopupMenu::new(builder_popup_menu),
-                   prefs_dialog: RefCell::new(None),
-               };
-    }
-}
-
-
-/// Initialize the GUI system.
-pub fn init(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
-    {
-        /* "global" audio signal handler */
-        let apps = appstate.clone();
-        appstate.audio.connect_handler(
-        Box::new(move |s, u| match (s, u) {
-            (AudioSignal::CardDisconnected, _) => {
-                 try_w!(audio_reload(&apps.audio,
-                         &apps.prefs.borrow(),
-                         AudioUser::Unknown));
-            },
-            (AudioSignal::CardError, _) => {
-                if run_audio_error_dialog(&apps.gui.popup_menu.menu_window) == (GTK_RESPONSE_YES as i32) {
-                     try_w!(audio_reload(&apps.audio,
-                             &apps.prefs.borrow(),
-                             AudioUser::Unknown));
-                }
-            },
-            _ => (),
-            }
-        ));
-
-    }
-
-    init_tray_icon(appstate.clone());
-    init_popup_window(appstate.clone());
-    init_popup_menu(appstate.clone());
-    init_prefs_callback(appstate.clone());
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-    init_notify(appstate.clone());
-}
-
-
-/// Used to run a dialog when an audio error occured, suggesting the user
-/// may reload the audio system either manually or by confirming the dialog
-/// via the confirmation button.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// `GTK_RESPONSE_YES` if the user wants to reload the audio system,
-/// `GTK_RESPONSE_NO` otherwise.
-fn run_audio_error_dialog(parent: &gtk::Window) -> i32 {
-    error!("Connection with audio failed, you probably need to restart pnmixer.");
-
-    let dialog = gtk::MessageDialog::new(Some(parent),
-                                         gtk::DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
-                                         gtk::MessageType::Error,
-                                         gtk::ButtonsType::YesNo,
-                                         "Warning: Connection to sound system failed.");
-    dialog.set_property_secondary_text(Some("Do you want to re-initialize the audio connection ?
-
-If you do not, you will either need to restart PNMixer
-or select the 'Reload Audio' option in the right-click
-menu in order for PNMixer to function."));
-
-    dialog.set_title("PNMixer-rs Error");
-
-    let resp = dialog.run();
-    dialog.destroy();
-
-    return resp;
-}

src/ui_prefs_dialog.rs

@@ -1,426 +0,0 @@
-//! The preferences window subsystem, when the user clicks the "Preferences"
-//! menu item on the popup menu.
-
-
-use app_state::*;
-use audio::{AudioUser, AudioSignal};
-use gdk;
-use gtk::ResponseType;
-use gtk::prelude::*;
-use gtk;
-use prefs::*;
-use std::rc::Rc;
-use support_audio::*;
-
-
-
-/// The main preferences dialog, holding all the relevant subwidgets we
-/// need to convert its state to preferences and back.
-pub struct PrefsDialog {
-    _cant_construct: (),
-    prefs_dialog: gtk::Dialog,
-    notebook: gtk::Notebook,
-
-    /* DevicePrefs */
-    card_combo: gtk::ComboBoxText,
-    chan_combo: gtk::ComboBoxText,
-
-    /* ViewPrefs */
-    vol_meter_draw_check: gtk::CheckButton,
-    vol_meter_pos_spin: gtk::SpinButton,
-    vol_meter_color_button: gtk::ColorButton,
-    system_theme: gtk::CheckButton,
-
-    /* BehaviorPrefs */
-    unmute_on_vol_change: gtk::CheckButton,
-    vol_control_entry: gtk::Entry,
-    scroll_step_spin: gtk::SpinButton,
-    fine_scroll_step_spin: gtk::SpinButton,
-    middle_click_combo: gtk::ComboBoxText,
-    custom_entry: gtk::Entry,
-
-    /* NotifyPrefs */
-    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-    noti_enable_check: gtk::CheckButton,
-    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-    noti_timeout_spin: gtk::SpinButton,
-    // pub noti_hotkey_check: gtk::CheckButton,
-    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-    noti_mouse_check: gtk::CheckButton,
-    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-    noti_popup_check: gtk::CheckButton,
-    #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-    noti_ext_check: gtk::CheckButton,
-}
-
-impl PrefsDialog {
-    fn new() -> PrefsDialog {
-        let builder =
-            gtk::Builder::new_from_string(include_str!(concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
-                                                               "/data/ui/prefs-dialog.glade")));
-        let prefs_dialog = PrefsDialog {
-            _cant_construct: (),
-            prefs_dialog: builder.get_object("prefs_dialog").unwrap(),
-            notebook: builder.get_object("notebook").unwrap(),
-
-            /* DevicePrefs */
-            card_combo: builder.get_object("card_combo").unwrap(),
-            chan_combo: builder.get_object("chan_combo").unwrap(),
-
-            /* ViewPrefs */
-            vol_meter_draw_check: builder.get_object("vol_meter_draw_check")
-                .unwrap(),
-            vol_meter_pos_spin: builder.get_object("vol_meter_pos_spin")
-                .unwrap(),
-            vol_meter_color_button: builder.get_object("vol_meter_color_button")
-                .unwrap(),
-            system_theme: builder.get_object("system_theme").unwrap(),
-
-            /* BehaviorPrefs */
-            unmute_on_vol_change: builder.get_object("unmute_on_vol_change")
-                .unwrap(),
-            vol_control_entry: builder.get_object("vol_control_entry").unwrap(),
-            scroll_step_spin: builder.get_object("scroll_step_spin").unwrap(),
-            fine_scroll_step_spin: builder.get_object("fine_scroll_step_spin")
-                .unwrap(),
-            middle_click_combo: builder.get_object("middle_click_combo")
-                .unwrap(),
-            custom_entry: builder.get_object("custom_entry").unwrap(),
-
-            /* NotifyPrefs */
-            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-            noti_enable_check: builder.get_object("noti_enable_check").unwrap(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-            noti_timeout_spin: builder.get_object("noti_timeout_spin").unwrap(),
-            // noti_hotkey_check: builder.get_object("noti_hotkey_check").unwrap(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-            noti_mouse_check: builder.get_object("noti_mouse_check").unwrap(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-            noti_popup_check: builder.get_object("noti_popup_check").unwrap(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-            noti_ext_check: builder.get_object("noti_ext_check").unwrap(),
-        };
-
-        #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-        let notify_tab: gtk::Box = builder.get_object("noti_vbox_enabled")
-            .unwrap();
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "notify"))]
-        let notify_tab: gtk::Box = builder.get_object("noti_vbox_disabled")
-            .unwrap();
-
-        prefs_dialog.notebook.append_page(&notify_tab,
-                                          Some(&gtk::Label::new(Some("Notifications"))));
-        return prefs_dialog;
-    }
-
-
-    /// Import the given preferences into the preferences dialog state.
-    fn from_prefs(&self, prefs: &Prefs) {
-        /* DevicePrefs */
-        /* filled on show signal with audio info */
-        self.card_combo.remove_all();
-        self.chan_combo.remove_all();
-
-        /* ViewPrefs */
-        self.vol_meter_draw_check.set_active(prefs.view_prefs.draw_vol_meter);
-        self.vol_meter_pos_spin.set_value(prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_offset as
-                                          f64);
-
-        let rgba = gdk::RGBA {
-            red: prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.red,
-            green: prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.green,
-            blue: prefs.view_prefs.vol_meter_color.blue,
-            alpha: 1.0,
-        };
-        self.vol_meter_color_button.set_rgba(&rgba);
-        self.system_theme.set_active(prefs.view_prefs.system_theme);
-
-        /* BehaviorPrefs */
-        self.unmute_on_vol_change
-            .set_active(prefs.behavior_prefs.unmute_on_vol_change);
-        self.vol_control_entry.set_text(prefs.behavior_prefs
-                                            .vol_control_cmd
-                                            .as_ref()
-                                            .unwrap_or(&String::from(""))
-                                            .as_str());
-        self.scroll_step_spin.set_value(prefs.behavior_prefs.vol_scroll_step);
-        self.fine_scroll_step_spin
-            .set_value(prefs.behavior_prefs.vol_fine_scroll_step);
-
-        // TODO: make sure these values always match, must be a better way
-        //       also check to_prefs()
-        self.middle_click_combo.append_text("Toggle Mute");
-        self.middle_click_combo.append_text("Show Preferences");
-        self.middle_click_combo.append_text("Volume Control");
-        self.middle_click_combo.append_text("Custom Command (set below)");
-        self.middle_click_combo.set_active(prefs.behavior_prefs
-                                               .middle_click_action
-                                               .into());
-        self.custom_entry.set_text(prefs.behavior_prefs
-                                       .custom_command
-                                       .as_ref()
-                                       .unwrap_or(&String::from(""))
-                                       .as_str());
-
-        /* NotifyPrefs */
-        #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-        {
-            self.noti_enable_check
-                .set_active(prefs.notify_prefs.enable_notifications);
-            self.noti_timeout_spin
-                .set_value(prefs.notify_prefs.notifcation_timeout as f64);
-            self.noti_mouse_check
-                .set_active(prefs.notify_prefs.notify_mouse_scroll);
-            self.noti_popup_check.set_active(prefs.notify_prefs.notify_popup);
-            self.noti_ext_check.set_active(prefs.notify_prefs.notify_external);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /// Export the dialog state to the `Prefs` struct, which can be used
-    /// to write them to the config file.
-    fn to_prefs(&self) -> Prefs {
-        let card = self.card_combo.get_active_text();
-        let channel = self.chan_combo.get_active_text();
-
-        if card.is_none() || channel.is_none() {
-            return Prefs::default();
-        }
-
-        let device_prefs = DevicePrefs {
-            card: self.card_combo.get_active_text().unwrap(),
-            channel: self.chan_combo.get_active_text().unwrap(),
-        };
-
-        let vol_meter_color = VolColor {
-            red: (self.vol_meter_color_button.get_rgba().red),
-            green: (self.vol_meter_color_button.get_rgba().green),
-            blue: (self.vol_meter_color_button.get_rgba().blue),
-        };
-
-        let view_prefs = ViewPrefs {
-            draw_vol_meter: self.vol_meter_draw_check.get_active(),
-            vol_meter_offset: self.vol_meter_pos_spin.get_value_as_int(),
-            system_theme: self.system_theme.get_active(),
-            vol_meter_color,
-        };
-
-        let vol_control_cmd =
-            self.vol_control_entry.get_text().and_then(|x| if x.is_empty() {
-                                                           None
-                                                       } else {
-                                                           Some(x)
-                                                       });
-
-        let custom_command =
-            self.custom_entry.get_text().and_then(|x| if x.is_empty() {
-                                                      None
-                                                  } else {
-                                                      Some(x)
-                                                  });
-
-        let behavior_prefs = BehaviorPrefs {
-            unmute_on_vol_change: self.unmute_on_vol_change.get_active(),
-            vol_control_cmd,
-            vol_scroll_step: self.scroll_step_spin.get_value(),
-            vol_fine_scroll_step: self.fine_scroll_step_spin.get_value(),
-            middle_click_action: self.middle_click_combo.get_active().into(),
-            custom_command,
-        };
-
-        #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-        let notify_prefs = NotifyPrefs {
-            enable_notifications: self.noti_enable_check.get_active(),
-            notifcation_timeout: self.noti_timeout_spin.get_value_as_int() as
-                                 i64,
-            notify_mouse_scroll: self.noti_mouse_check.get_active(),
-            notify_popup: self.noti_popup_check.get_active(),
-            notify_external: self.noti_ext_check.get_active(),
-        };
-
-        return Prefs {
-                   device_prefs,
-                   view_prefs,
-                   behavior_prefs,
-                   #[cfg(feature = "notify")]
-                   notify_prefs,
-               };
-
-    }
-}
-
-
-/// Show the preferences dialog. This is created and destroyed dynamically
-/// and not persistent across the application lifetime.
-pub fn show_prefs_dialog(appstate: &Rc<AppS>) {
-    if appstate.gui
-           .prefs_dialog
-           .borrow()
-           .is_some() {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    *appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow_mut() = Some(PrefsDialog::new());
-    init_prefs_dialog(&appstate);
-    {
-        let m_pd = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
-        let prefs_dialog = &m_pd.as_ref().unwrap();
-        let prefs_dialog_w = &prefs_dialog.prefs_dialog;
-
-        prefs_dialog.from_prefs(&appstate.prefs.borrow());
-
-        prefs_dialog_w.set_transient_for(&appstate.gui.popup_menu.menu_window);
-        prefs_dialog_w.present();
-    }
-}
-
-
-/// Initialize the internal prefs dialog handler that connects to the audio
-/// system.
-pub fn init_prefs_callback(appstate: Rc<AppS>) {
-    let apps = appstate.clone();
-    appstate.audio.connect_handler(Box::new(move |s, u| {
-        /* skip if prefs window is not present */
-        if apps.gui
-               .prefs_dialog
-               .borrow()
-               .is_none() {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        match (s, u) {
-            (AudioSignal::CardInitialized, _) => (),
-            (AudioSignal::CardCleanedUp, _) => {
-                fill_card_combo(&apps);
-                fill_chan_combo(&apps, None);
-            }
-            _ => (),
-        }
-    }));
-}
-
-
-/// Initialize the preferences dialog gtk callbacks.
-fn init_prefs_dialog(appstate: &Rc<AppS>) {
-
-    /* prefs_dialog.connect_show */
-    {
-        let apps = appstate.clone();
-        let m_pd = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
-        let pd = m_pd.as_ref().unwrap();
-        pd.prefs_dialog.connect_show(move |_| {
-                                         fill_card_combo(&apps);
-                                         fill_chan_combo(&apps, None);
-                                     });
-    }
-
-    /* card_combo.connect_changed */
-    {
-        let apps = appstate.clone();
-        let m_cc = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
-        let card_combo = &m_cc.as_ref().unwrap().card_combo;
-
-        card_combo.connect_changed(move |_| {
-            let m_cc = apps.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
-            let card_combo = &m_cc.as_ref().unwrap().card_combo;
-            let card_name = card_combo.get_active_text().unwrap();
-            fill_chan_combo(&apps, Some(card_name));
-            return;
-        });
-    }
-
-    /* prefs_dialog.connect_response */
-    {
-        let apps = appstate.clone();
-        let m_pd = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
-        let pd = m_pd.as_ref().unwrap();
-        pd.prefs_dialog.connect_response(move |_, response_id| {
-
-            if response_id == ResponseType::Ok.into() ||
-               response_id == ResponseType::Apply.into() {
-                let mut prefs = apps.prefs.borrow_mut();
-                let prefs_dialog = apps.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
-                *prefs = prefs_dialog.as_ref().unwrap().to_prefs();
-
-            }
-
-            if response_id != ResponseType::Apply.into() {
-                let mut prefs_dialog = apps.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow_mut();
-                prefs_dialog.as_ref()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .prefs_dialog
-                    .destroy();
-                *prefs_dialog = None;
-            }
-
-            if response_id == ResponseType::Ok.into() ||
-               response_id == ResponseType::Apply.into() {
-                // TODO: update hotkeys
-                try_w!(apps.update_notify());
-                try_w!(apps.update_tray_icon());
-                try_w!(apps.update_popup_window());
-                try_w!(apps.update_audio(AudioUser::PrefsWindow));
-                try_w!(apps.update_config());
-            }
-
-        });
-    }
-}
-
-
-/// Fill the card combo box in the Devices tab.
-fn fill_card_combo(appstate: &AppS) {
-    let m_cc = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
-    let card_combo = &m_cc.as_ref().unwrap().card_combo;
-    card_combo.remove_all();
-    let audio = &appstate.audio;
-
-    /* set card combo */
-    let cur_card_name = try_w!(audio.card_name(),
-                               "Can't get current card name!");
-    let available_card_names = get_playable_card_names();
-
-    /* set_active_id doesn't work, so save the index */
-    let mut c_index: i32 = -1;
-    for i in 0..available_card_names.len() {
-        let name = available_card_names.get(i).unwrap();
-        if *name == cur_card_name {
-            c_index = i as i32;
-        }
-        card_combo.append_text(&name);
-    }
-
-    // TODO, block signal?
-    card_combo.set_active(c_index);
-}
-
-
-/// Fill the channel combo box in the Devices tab.
-fn fill_chan_combo(appstate: &AppS, cardname: Option<String>) {
-    let m_cc = appstate.gui.prefs_dialog.borrow();
-    let chan_combo = &m_cc.as_ref().unwrap().chan_combo;
-    chan_combo.remove_all();
-
-    let audio = &appstate.audio;
-    let available_chan_names = match cardname {
-        Some(name) => get_playable_chan_names(name),
-        None => audio.playable_chan_names(),
-    };
-
-    /* set chan combo */
-    let cur_chan_name = try_w!(audio.chan_name());
-
-    /* set_active_id doesn't work, so save the index */
-    let mut c_index: i32 = -1;
-    for i in 0..available_chan_names.len() {
-        let name = available_chan_names.get(i).unwrap();
-        if *name == cur_chan_name {
-            c_index = i as i32;
-        }
-        chan_combo.append_text(&name);
-    }
-
-    /* TODO, block signal?`*/
-    chan_combo.set_active(c_index);
-
-}