diff --git a/autoload/ale/highlight.vim b/autoload/ale/highlight.vim
index 5c01e7a..47256f0 100644
--- a/autoload/ale/highlight.vim
+++ b/autoload/ale/highlight.vim
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ function! ale#highlight#RemoveHighlights() abort
 endfunction
 
 function! ale#highlight#UpdateHighlights() abort
-    let l:item_list = g:ale_enabled
+    let l:item_list = get(b:, 'ale_enabled', 1) && g:ale_enabled
     \   ? get(b:, 'ale_highlight_items', [])
     \   : []
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ augroup ALEHighlightBufferGroup
 augroup END
 
 function! ale#highlight#SetHighlights(buffer, loclist) abort
-    let l:new_list = g:ale_enabled
+    let l:new_list = getbufvar(a:buffer, 'ale_enabled', 1) && g:ale_enabled
     \   ? filter(copy(a:loclist), 'v:val.bufnr == a:buffer && v:val.col > 0')
     \   : []
 
diff --git a/autoload/ale/toggle.vim b/autoload/ale/toggle.vim
index acddea4..8e54dc2 100644
--- a/autoload/ale/toggle.vim
+++ b/autoload/ale/toggle.vim
@@ -85,21 +85,36 @@ function! ale#toggle#InitAuGroups() abort
     endif
 endfunction
 
+function! s:EnablePreamble() abort
+    " Set pattern options again, if enabled.
+    if g:ale_pattern_options_enabled
+        call ale#pattern_options#SetOptions()
+    endif
+
+    " Lint immediately, including running linters against the file.
+    call ale#Queue(0, 'lint_file')
+
+    if g:ale_set_balloons
+        call ale#balloon#Enable()
+    endif
+endfunction
+
+function! s:DisablePostamble() abort
+    " Remove highlights for the current buffer now.
+    if g:ale_set_highlights
+        call ale#highlight#UpdateHighlights()
+    endif
+
+    if g:ale_set_balloons
+        call ale#balloon#Disable()
+    endif
+endfunction
+
 function! ale#toggle#Toggle() abort
     let g:ale_enabled = !get(g:, 'ale_enabled')
 
     if g:ale_enabled
-        " Set pattern options again, if enabled.
-        if g:ale_pattern_options_enabled
-            call ale#pattern_options#SetOptions()
-        endif
-
-        " Lint immediately, including running linters against the file.
-        call ale#Queue(0, 'lint_file')
-
-        if g:ale_set_balloons
-            call ale#balloon#Enable()
-        endif
+        call s:EnablePreamble()
     else
         for l:key in keys(g:ale_buffer_info)
             " The key could be a filename or a buffer number, so try and
@@ -114,14 +129,7 @@ function! ale#toggle#Toggle() abort
             endif
         endfor
 
-        " Remove highlights for the current buffer now.
-        if g:ale_set_highlights
-            call ale#highlight#UpdateHighlights()
-        endif
-
-        if g:ale_set_balloons
-            call ale#balloon#Disable()
-        endif
+        call s:DisablePostamble()
     endif
 
     call ale#toggle#InitAuGroups()
@@ -129,6 +137,11 @@ endfunction
 
 function! ale#toggle#Enable() abort
     if !g:ale_enabled
+        " Set pattern options again, if enabled.
+        if g:ale_pattern_options_enabled
+            call ale#pattern_options#SetOptions()
+        endif
+
         call ale#toggle#Toggle()
     endif
 endfunction
@@ -138,3 +151,40 @@ function! ale#toggle#Disable() abort
         call ale#toggle#Toggle()
     endif
 endfunction
+
+function! ale#toggle#ToggleBuffer(buffer) abort
+    " Get the new value for the toggle.
+    let l:enabled = !getbufvar(a:buffer, 'ale_enabled', 1)
+
+    " Disabling ALE globally removes autocmd events, so we cannot enable
+    " linting locally when linting is disabled globally
+    if l:enabled && !g:ale_enabled
+        echom 'ALE cannot be enabled locally when disabled globally'
+        return
+    endif
+
+    call setbufvar(a:buffer, 'ale_enabled', l:enabled)
+
+    if l:enabled
+        call s:EnablePreamble()
+    else
+        " Stop all jobs and clear the results for everything, and delete
+        " all of the data we stored for the buffer.
+        call ale#engine#Cleanup(a:buffer)
+
+        call s:DisablePostamble()
+    endif
+endfunction
+
+function! ale#toggle#EnableBuffer(buffer) abort
+    " ALE is enabled by default for all buffers.
+    if !getbufvar(a:buffer, 'ale_enabled', 1)
+        call ale#toggle#ToggleBuffer(a:buffer)
+    endif
+endfunction
+
+function! ale#toggle#DisableBuffer(buffer) abort
+    if getbufvar(a:buffer, 'ale_enabled', 1)
+        call ale#toggle#ToggleBuffer(a:buffer)
+    endif
+endfunction
diff --git a/plugin/ale.vim b/plugin/ale.vim
index 83ca2dd..3e1803e 100644
--- a/plugin/ale.vim
+++ b/plugin/ale.vim
@@ -224,6 +224,10 @@ command! -bar ALEDetail :call ale#cursor#ShowCursorDetail()
 command! -bar ALEToggle :call ale#toggle#Toggle()
 command! -bar ALEEnable :call ale#toggle#Enable()
 command! -bar ALEDisable :call ale#toggle#Disable()
+" Commands for turning ALE on or off for a buffer.
+command! -bar ALEToggleBuffer :call ale#toggle#ToggleBuffer(bufnr(''))
+command! -bar ALEEnableBuffer :call ale#toggle#EnableBuffer(bufnr(''))
+command! -bar ALEDisableBuffer :call ale#toggle#DisableBuffer(bufnr(''))
 
 " A command for linting manually.
 command! -bar ALELint :call ale#Queue(0, 'lint_file')
diff --git a/test/test_ale_toggle.vader b/test/test_ale_toggle.vader
index 733ae35..d8de398 100644
--- a/test/test_ale_toggle.vader
+++ b/test/test_ale_toggle.vader
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ Before:
 
   let g:ale_set_signs = 1
   let g:ale_set_lists_synchronously = 1
+  let g:ale_run_synchronously = 1
+
+  unlet! b:ale_enabled
 
   let g:ale_buffer_info = {}
   let g:expected_loclist = [{
@@ -80,6 +83,8 @@ After:
 
   unlet! g:expected_loclist
   unlet! g:expected_groups
+  unlet! b:ale_enabled
+  unlet! g:output
 
   call ale#linter#Reset()
 
@@ -91,12 +96,19 @@ After:
   delfunction ToggleTestCallback
   delfunction ParseAuGroups
 
+  call setloclist(0, [])
+  sign unplace *
+  call clearmatches()
+
 Given foobar (Some imaginary filetype):
   foo
   bar
   baz
 
 Execute(ALEToggle should reset everything and then run again):
+  " Run this test asynchrously.
+  let g:ale_run_synchronously = 0
+
   AssertEqual 'foobar', &filetype
 
   call ale#Lint()
@@ -134,6 +146,9 @@ Execute(ALEToggle should reset everything and then run again):
   AssertEqual [{'lnum': 2, 'bufnr': bufnr(''), 'col': 3, 'linter_name': 'testlinter', 'vcol': 0, 'nr': -1, 'type': 'E', 'text': 'foo bar', 'sign_id': 1000001}], g:ale_buffer_info[bufnr('')].loclist
 
 Execute(ALEToggle should skip filename keys and preserve them):
+  " Run this test asynchrously.
+  let g:ale_run_synchronously = 0
+
   AssertEqual 'foobar', &filetype
 
   let g:ale_buffer_info['/foo/bar/baz.txt'] = {
@@ -178,9 +193,6 @@ Execute(ALEToggle should skip filename keys and preserve them):
   \ get(g:ale_buffer_info, '/foo/bar/baz.txt', {})
 
 Execute(ALEDisable should reset everything and stay disabled):
-  " We can just lint sychronously for these tests.
-  let g:ale_run_synchronously = 1
-
   call ale#Lint()
 
   AssertEqual g:expected_loclist, getloclist(0)
@@ -196,11 +208,80 @@ Execute(ALEDisable should reset everything and stay disabled):
   AssertEqual 0, g:ale_enabled
 
 Execute(ALEEnable should enable ALE and lint again):
-  " We can just lint sychronously for these tests.
   let g:ale_enabled = 0
-  let g:ale_run_synchronously = 1
 
   ALEEnable
 
   AssertEqual g:expected_loclist, getloclist(0)
   AssertEqual 1, g:ale_enabled
+
+Execute(ALEToggleBuffer should reset everything and then run again):
+  " Run this test asynchrously.
+  let g:ale_run_synchronously = 0
+
+  AssertEqual 'foobar', &filetype
+
+  call ale#Lint()
+  call ale#engine#WaitForJobs(2000)
+
+  " First check that everything is there...
+  AssertEqual g:expected_loclist, getloclist(0)
+  AssertEqual [0, [[2, 1000001, 'ALEErrorSign']]], ale#sign#FindCurrentSigns(bufnr('%'))
+  AssertEqual
+  \ [{'group': 'ALEError', 'pos1': [2, 3, 1]}],
+  \ map(getmatches(), '{''group'': v:val.group, ''pos1'': v:val.pos1}')
+  AssertEqual [{'lnum': 2, 'bufnr': bufnr(''), 'col': 3, 'linter_name': 'testlinter', 'vcol': 0, 'nr': -1, 'type': 'E', 'text': 'foo bar', 'sign_id': 1000001}], g:ale_buffer_info[bufnr('')].loclist
+
+  " Now Toggle ALE off.
+  ALEToggleBuffer
+
+  " Everything should be cleared.
+  Assert !has_key(g:ale_buffer_info, bufnr('')), 'The g:ale_buffer_info Dictionary was not removed'
+  AssertEqual [], getloclist(0), 'The loclist was not cleared'
+  AssertEqual [0, []], ale#sign#FindCurrentSigns(bufnr('%')), 'The signs were not cleared'
+  AssertEqual [], getmatches(), 'The highlights were not cleared'
+
+  " Toggle ALE on, everything should be set up and run again.
+  ALEToggleBuffer
+  call ale#engine#WaitForJobs(2000)
+
+  AssertEqual g:expected_loclist, getloclist(0)
+  AssertEqual [0, [[2, 1000001, 'ALEErrorSign']]], ale#sign#FindCurrentSigns(bufnr('%'))
+  AssertEqual
+  \ [{'group': 'ALEError', 'pos1': [2, 3, 1]}],
+  \ map(getmatches(), '{''group'': v:val.group, ''pos1'': v:val.pos1}')
+  AssertEqual g:expected_groups, ParseAuGroups()
+  AssertEqual [{'lnum': 2, 'bufnr': bufnr(''), 'col': 3, 'linter_name': 'testlinter', 'vcol': 0, 'nr': -1, 'type': 'E', 'text': 'foo bar', 'sign_id': 1000001}], g:ale_buffer_info[bufnr('')].loclist
+
+Execute(ALEDisableBuffer should reset everything and stay disabled):
+  call ale#Lint()
+
+  AssertEqual g:expected_loclist, getloclist(0)
+
+  ALEDisableBuffer
+
+  AssertEqual [], getloclist(0)
+  AssertEqual 0, b:ale_enabled
+
+Execute(ALEEnableBuffer should enable ALE and lint again):
+  let b:ale_enabled = 0
+
+  ALEEnableBuffer
+
+  AssertEqual g:expected_loclist, getloclist(0)
+  AssertEqual 1, b:ale_enabled
+
+Execute(ALEEnableBuffer should complain when ALE is disabled globally):
+  let g:ale_enabled = 0
+  let b:ale_enabled = 0
+
+  redir => g:output
+    ALEEnableBuffer
+  redir END
+
+  AssertEqual [], getloclist(0)
+  AssertEqual 0, b:ale_enabled
+  AssertEqual 0, g:ale_enabled
+  AssertEqual
+  \ 'ALE cannot be enabled locally when disabled globally',
+  \ join(split(g:output))
diff --git a/test/test_highlight_placement.vader b/test/test_highlight_placement.vader
index 2d87b77..6a84e57 100644
--- a/test/test_highlight_placement.vader
+++ b/test/test_highlight_placement.vader
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 Before:
+  Save g:ale_enabled
+
   function! GenerateResults(buffer, output)
     return [
     \ {
@@ -43,7 +45,10 @@ Before:
   highlight link SomeOtherGroup SpellBad
 
 After:
+  Restore
+
   unlet! g:items
+  unlet! b:ale_enabled
 
   delfunction GenerateResults
   call ale#linter#Reset()
@@ -206,7 +211,7 @@ Execute(Highlighting should support errors spanning many lines):
   \   },
   \ ],
   \ GetMatchesWithoutIDs()
-  \
+
 Execute(Highlights should always be cleared when the buffer highlight list is empty):
   " Add our highlights and something else.
   call matchaddpos('ALEError', [[1, 1, 1]])
@@ -232,3 +237,24 @@ Execute(Highlights should always be cleared when the buffer highlight list is em
   \   {'group': 'SomeOtherGroup', 'priority': 10, 'pos1': [1, 1, 1]},
   \ ],
   \ GetMatchesWithoutIDs()
+
+Execute(Highlights should be cleared when ALE is disabled):
+  let g:ale_enabled = 1
+  call ale#highlight#SetHighlights(bufnr(''), [
+  \ {'bufnr': bufnr(''), 'type': 'E', 'lnum': 1, 'col': 1, 'end_lnum': 10, 'end_col': 3},
+  \])
+
+  let g:ale_enabled = 0
+  call ale#highlight#UpdateHighlights()
+
+  AssertEqual [], GetMatchesWithoutIDs()
+
+  let g:ale_enabled = 1
+  call ale#highlight#SetHighlights(bufnr(''), [
+  \ {'bufnr': bufnr(''), 'type': 'E', 'lnum': 1, 'col': 1, 'end_lnum': 10, 'end_col': 3},
+  \])
+
+  let b:ale_enabled = 0
+  call ale#highlight#UpdateHighlights()
+
+  AssertEqual [], GetMatchesWithoutIDs()